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Latest Advances in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases

A Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067) belonging to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 1176

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Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Interests: neurophysiology; pathophysiology; autoimmunity; inflammation; quality of life; public health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rheumatic diseases encompass a wide range of disorders and conditions caused by autoimmune or non-autoimmune pathogenesis. Moreover, over the last few years, the number of individuals affected by rheumatic diseases has increased, especially in the more economically developed countries. Rheumatic diseases have a great negative impact on health-related quality of life and constitute a major cause of disability throughout the world, with considerable financial and social consequences. Although extensive research into the pathophysiology of these diseases has shown that various factors are involved in their pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood, and new knowledge is needed in this field. In addition, insufficient information is available on the relationship between peripheral rheumatic pathogenesis and the affected central nervous system. New insights could improve our understanding of clinical signs in order to develop a novel therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from rheumatic diseases and conditions.

This Special Issue is dedicated to the latest advances in autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases, with the intention of significantly contributing to clinical practice and public health and updating research information on the recent advances in rheumatic diseases.

Dr. Tanja Grubić-Kezele
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • autoimmune diseases
  • inflammatory diseases
  • rheumatic diseases
  • molecular mechanisms
  • pathogenesis
  • inflammation
  • central nervous system

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1008 KB  
Article
Comparative Effects of Sertraline, Methotrexate, and Biologic Therapies on Circulating Inflammatory and Neurotrophic Mediators and Striatal Gene Expression in Collagen-Induced Arthritis
by Grzegorz Chmielewski, Mateusz Mikiewicz, Jakub Kuna, Łukasz Jaśkiewicz, Joanna Czerwińska, Małgorzata Wróbel, Edyta Kaczorek-Łukowska, Michał S. Majewski and Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(16), 7471; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27167471 - 21 Aug 2026
Viewed by 338
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is often accompanied by neuropsychiatric manifestations, suggesting interactions between systemic inflammation and the central nervous system. This study evaluated the effects of sertraline, compared with methotrexate, infliximab, and tocilizumab, on circulating inflammatory and neurotrophic mediators and the striatal expression of selected [...] Read more.
Rheumatoid arthritis is often accompanied by neuropsychiatric manifestations, suggesting interactions between systemic inflammation and the central nervous system. This study evaluated the effects of sertraline, compared with methotrexate, infliximab, and tocilizumab, on circulating inflammatory and neurotrophic mediators and the striatal expression of selected CNS-related genes in collagen-induced arthritis. Male Wistar rats were assigned to seven groups: adjuvant control, untreated arthritis, methotrexate, sertraline, methotrexate plus sertraline, infliximab, or tocilizumab. At week 12, circulating IL-6, IL-15, IL-10, BDNF, myostatin, and irisin were measured, and striatal BDNF, IL-1β, and GFAP expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. IL-6 concentrations differed between groups, with the lowest values after infliximab treatment and the highest in untreated arthritic rats and animals receiving methotrexate plus sertraline or tocilizumab. IL-15 was highest in untreated arthritis, whereas IL-10 was generally higher in treated groups and peaked after tocilizumab. The IL-6/IL-10 ratio was lower in all treated groups than in untreated arthritis, with the most pronounced reduction observed after infliximab. Circulating BDNF concentrations were highest in the infliximab- and tocilizumab-treated groups. Striatal BDNF expression differed significantly between groups, whereas no significant between-group differences were detected in striatal GFAP or IL-1β expression. No significant between-group differences were observed for circulating myostatin or irisin. Sertraline-containing regimens were associated with lower IL-6/IL-10 ratios than untreated arthritis, whereas infliximab and tocilizumab were associated with the most pronounced changes in systemic inflammatory and neurotrophic parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases)
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18 pages, 3296 KB  
Article
The Liver–Heart Axis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Associations of Liver Fibrosis, Organokines, Endothelin-1, and Cardiovascular Risk
by Mariusz Ciołkiewicz, Anna Kuryliszyn-Moskal, Ewa Jabłońska, Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona, Jacek Robert Janica, Włodzimierz Samborski and Piotr Adrian Klimiuk
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(15), 6844; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27156844 - 30 Jul 2026
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Abstract
Liver involvement is frequent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may progress from steatosis to fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis (LF) in RA is multifactorial, but the available data are limited and the impact of methotrexate (MTX) remains controversial. In this cross-sectional [...] Read more.
Liver involvement is frequent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may progress from steatosis to fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis (LF) in RA is multifactorial, but the available data are limited and the impact of methotrexate (MTX) remains controversial. In this cross-sectional study, 51 RA patients (46 females; mean age of 48.8 ± 8.2 years; and a median disease duration of 12 years) were enrolled. LF was assessed using non-invasive indices (the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index [APRI] and fibrosis-4 index [FIB-4]) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using shear wave elastography. Serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) and selected organokines (namely myostatin, resistin, and osteoprotegerin) were quantified by the ELISA. Associations of the APRI, FIB-4, and LSM with organokines and endothelin-1 were analyzed using univariable and multivariable linear regression, whereas correlations with the RA-specific cardiovascular (CV) risk score (ERS-RA) and echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation. Myostatin and resistin showed a significant positive and significant negative association with LSM, respectively, while FIB-4 was negatively correlated with lateral and medial e’ velocities and positively with the ERS-RA. MTX use, mean weekly dose, cumulative dose, and endothelin-1 were not associated with the APRI, FIB-4, LSM, or LVDD. These exploratory findings support the potential role of myostatin and resistin in LF-related phenotypes and suggest that FIB-4 may capture aspects of both hepatic and cardiovascular risk in RA. RA patients with elevated FIB-4 values may require echocardiographic assessment and comprehensive CV risk evaluation. In this cohort, MTX exposure and endothelin-1 were not associated with LF or LVDD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases)
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