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Bioinformatics and Systems Biology for Decoding Complex Diseases Molecular Mechanisms

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Informatics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 2890

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Independent Researcher, New York, NY 10029, USA
Interests: systems biology; precision medicine; systems pharmacology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioinformatics and Systems Biology are interdisciplinary tools that decode the complexity of diseases across various scales. By integrating big biological data with computational models, these fields provide insights into the complex mechanisms driving diseases, thereby advancing personalized and precision medicine. Investigate complex mechanistic mechanisms by analyzing and interpreting biological information, such as DNA sequences, protein structures, and gene expression, integrating experimental data, computational modeling, and mathematical analysis.

In disease understanding, bioinformatics analyzes vast and complex biological data, including omics data to pinpoint disease-related genes, pathways, and biomarkers. Systems Biology complements this by modeling the interactions within biological systems in time and space, elucidating how biomolecular variations and environmental factors influence disease onset and progression.

Moreover, these methodologies contribute to the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches by identifying biomarker signatures, facilitating drug discovery, predicting individualized drug responses based on molecular profiles, and optimizing treatment strategies. By unraveling the molecular underpinnings of diseases, bioinformatics and systems biology equip clinicians with invaluable tools for early diagnosis, prognosis, and the tailored development of precision medicine, thereby advancing healthcare towards more effective disease prevention and treatment paradigms.

Dr. Iman Tavassoly
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • complex diseases
  • bioinformatics
  • systems biology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 4740 KiB  
Article
Elucidation of Factors Affecting the Age-Dependent Cancer Occurrence Rates
by Jun Xiao, Yangkun Cao, Xuan Li, Long Xu, Zhihang Wang, Zhenyu Huang, Xuechen Mu, Yinwei Qu and Ying Xu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(1), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010275 - 31 Dec 2024
Viewed by 815
Abstract
Cancer occurrence rates exhibit diverse age-related patterns, and understanding them may shed new and important light on the drivers of cancer evolution. This study systematically analyzes the age-dependent occurrence rates of 23 carcinoma types, focusing on their age-dependent distribution patterns, the determinants of [...] Read more.
Cancer occurrence rates exhibit diverse age-related patterns, and understanding them may shed new and important light on the drivers of cancer evolution. This study systematically analyzes the age-dependent occurrence rates of 23 carcinoma types, focusing on their age-dependent distribution patterns, the determinants of peak occurrence ages, and the significant difference between the two genders. According to the SEER reports, these cancer types have two types of age-dependent occurrence rate (ADOR) distributions, with most having a unimodal distribution and a few having a bimodal distribution. Our modeling analyses have revealed that (1) the first type can be naturally and simply explained using two age-dependent parameters: the total number of stem cell divisions in an organ from birth to the current age and the availability levels of bloodborne growth factors specifically needed by the cancer (sub)type, and (2) for the second type, the first peak is due to viral infection, while the second peak can be explained as in (1) for each cancer type. Further analyses indicate that (i) the iron level in an organ makes the difference between the male and female cancer occurrence rates, and (ii) the levels of sex hormones are the key determinants in the onset age of multiple cancer types. This analysis deepens our understanding of the dynamics of cancer evolution shared by diverse cancer types and provides new insights that are useful for cancer prevention and therapeutic strategies, thereby addressing critical gaps in the current paradigm of oncological research. Full article
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20 pages, 11510 KiB  
Article
Elucidating the Functional Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Alzheimer’s Disease
by Zhenyu Huang, Qiufen Chen, Xuechen Mu, Zheng An and Ying Xu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9211; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179211 - 25 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1739
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuronal loss, representing a most challenging health issue. We present a computational analysis of transcriptomic data of AD tissues vs. healthy controls, focused on the elucidation of functional roles played [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuronal loss, representing a most challenging health issue. We present a computational analysis of transcriptomic data of AD tissues vs. healthy controls, focused on the elucidation of functional roles played by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) throughout the AD progression. We first assembled our own lncRNA transcripts from the raw RNA-Seq data generated from 527 samples of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, resulting in the identification of 31,574 novel lncRNA genes. Based on co-expression analyses between mRNAs and lncRNAs, a co-expression network was constructed. Maximal subnetworks with dense connections were identified as functional clusters. Pathway enrichment analyses were conducted over mRNAs and lncRNAs in each cluster, which served as the basis for the inference of functional roles played by lncRNAs involved in each of the key steps in an AD development model that we have previously built based on transcriptomic data of protein-encoding genes. Detailed information is presented about the functional roles of lncRNAs in activities related to stress response, reprogrammed metabolism, cell polarity, and development. Our analyses also revealed that lncRNAs have the discerning power to distinguish between AD samples of each stage and healthy controls. This study represents the first of its kind. Full article
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