Evolution, Composition and Regulation of Supernumerary B Chromosomes

Dear Colleagues,

Supernumerary B chromosomes are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery, more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of 'selfishness', based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reasons for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic B chromosomes, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these 'silent' elements. Detailed investigations into their DNA composition, transcriptional activity and effects on the host transcriptome profile are beginning to uncover a wealth of new information. Contributing authors come from across a wide range of species, and different systems, and their thematic output will give a broad view and a significant step forward to understanding this perplexing biological story.

Prof. Andreas Houben
Prof. Neil Jones
Prof. Cesar Martins
Dr. Vladimir Trifonov
Guest Editors

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