Advances in Propulsion and Energy Systems: Fuel Injection and Combustion Systems

A special issue of Fuels (ISSN 2673-3994).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2027 | Viewed by 1543

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK
Interests: combustion and energy systems; thermofluids; atomisation; sprays; multi-phase flow systems; optical measurement techniques
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Guest Editor
Engineering Department, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, UK
Interests: numerical characterization; optical visualization and measurements of atomization and sprays; combustion; thermal energy systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The transition to decarbonisation in the energy, propulsion and transportation industries, coupled with increasing global demand, is a challenge that will require innovative, viable and environmentally safe engineering solutions for fuels, fuel injection equipment (FIE) and combustion systems. The current scenario for the uptake in renewable fuels is complicated by the application, region and legislation, the maturity of the technology, safety and the necessary infrastructure. Biofuels, E-fuels (e.g., Power-to-X, Hydrogen, Methanol and Ammonia) and LNG are amongst a range of potential solutions that include fuel pre-treatment methods, nanofuels and other fuel/combustion air additive mixtures. These options need to be considered in the context of ‘drop-in’ or dual fuels for existing systems alongside the need for new, advanced solutions, incorporating novel concepts and alternative thermodynamic cycles. The ramifications of alternative fuels upon the optimal fuel spray and combustion characteristics directly impact FIE and combustion system design, and therefore efficiency and emissions.

In this Special Issue, we aim to present research on recent advances and new interventions in propulsion and energy production systems utilising regular, renewable and alternative fuels (including pre-treatment of existing fuels and combustion air additives), with a particular focus on the investigation of fuel spray characteristics, jet or gas interactions, mixture preparation, ignition and propagation, combustion performance and heat transfer. We welcome new, associated developments in FIE and combustion system design, applied in conventional or novel combustion systems. The scope is not limited to one sector but encompasses stationary energy generation and light to heavy-duty applications, including shipping. Contributions should highlight the significance and impact of the work in the transition to reducing carbon, NOx and SOx in existing and new applications. We welcome contributions using both experimental and modelling approaches, from a fundamental level to system performance evaluation and validation. In addition, we are interested in the application of new experimental techniques and simulation approaches to the investigation of alternative fuel and combustion system strategies.

Dr. Steven Begg
Dr. Nwabueze Emekwuru
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fuels is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • alternative fuels
  • decarbonisation
  • fuel sprays
  • combustion systems
  • renewable fuels
  • e-fuels
  • biofuels
  • nanofuels
  • renewable fuels
  • regular fuels
  • optical diagnostics

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

40 pages, 5496 KB  
Article
Hybrid Methodology for Alternative Fuels Risk Assessment
by José Miguel Mahía-Prados, Ignacio Arias-Fernández, Manuel Romero Gómez and Sandrina Pereira
Fuels 2026, 7(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/fuels7020031 - 13 May 2026
Viewed by 156
Abstract
The transition towards alternative marine fuels introduces new safety challenges related to onboard storage, distribution, and fuel management, due to the markedly different physical and chemical properties of methane, methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen. While numerous studies address the risks of individual fuels, there [...] Read more.
The transition towards alternative marine fuels introduces new safety challenges related to onboard storage, distribution, and fuel management, due to the markedly different physical and chemical properties of methane, methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen. While numerous studies address the risks of individual fuels, there is a lack of structured and comparable risk-assessment methodologies to support early-stage fuel selection and preliminary system design under a unified framework. This study introduces the Methodology to Alternative-fuels Hazardous Identification, a hybrid framework that integrates HAZOP-based deviation analysis with HAZID-style risk classification to enable a consistent qualitative–quantitative comparison of alternative marine fuel systems. The methodology is applied to representative storage and distribution architectures for methane, methanol, ammonia, compressed hydrogen, and liquefied hydrogen, allowing the identification of dominant risk drivers and system-level vulnerabilities across fuel options. The results reveal distinct fuel-specific risk profiles. Methane and methanol are mainly associated with moderate risks linked to operational temperature deviations and system controllability. Ammonia exhibits the most severe risk profile due to the high consequences of toxic releases, particularly under pressure-related failures. Compressed hydrogen is dominated by high-risk scenarios driven by extreme storage pressures, while liquefied hydrogen presents a mixed profile governed by the interaction between cryogenic temperature control and pressure regulation. By providing a comparative and scalable risk-assessment framework, the Methodology to Alternative-fuels Hazardous Identification (MAHI) supports informed decision-making in early design phases and complements existing regulatory safety analyses, contributing to a safer energy transition in maritime transport. Full article
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28 pages, 3842 KB  
Article
Numerical Transition from Diesel to Hydrogen in Compression Ignition Engines: Kinetics, Emissions, and Optimization with Exhaust Gas Recirculation
by Amr Abbass
Fuels 2026, 7(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/fuels7010009 - 10 Feb 2026
Viewed by 760
Abstract
A Cantera-based combustion-kinetics framework that maps the operating space of hydrogen compression ignition (H2-CI) engines and establishes a structured charter to guide experiments. Beginning with a diesel (n-dodecane) baseline at an intake temperature of 300 K, the model is virtually converted [...] Read more.
A Cantera-based combustion-kinetics framework that maps the operating space of hydrogen compression ignition (H2-CI) engines and establishes a structured charter to guide experiments. Beginning with a diesel (n-dodecane) baseline at an intake temperature of 300 K, the model is virtually converted to neat hydrogen and evaluated across intake temperatures of 400–600 K, compression ratios (CR) of 20–28, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) levels of 0–15%. Hydrogen demonstrates stable operation across a broad equivalence ratio window (ϕ = 0.45–2.1), achieving power outputs of 16–22 kW and higher efficiencies with substantially lower fuel mass than diesel. The optimal operating region is identified at an approximately 400 K intake temperature, CR = 24–28, and EGR between 5% and 10%, where power remains high (20–18 kW), efficiency increases (above 50%), and NOx emissions are markedly reduced (from 332 ppm at zero EGR to 48 ppm at 5% EGR and 10 ppm at 10% EGR), with only modest hydrogen slip (0.07–0.11). The kinetics-based framework thus provides a systematic and validated roadmap for experimental calibration, research, and development of compression ignition engines working on pure hydrogen. Full article
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