Population Genetic Diversity and Conservation in Forests

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Genetics and Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2026) | Viewed by 1539

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Division of Genetics, Forest Tree Breeding and Seed Science, Croatian Forest Research Institute, HR-10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia
Interests: population genetics; forest tree conservation; genetic diversity; molecular markers; ecological processes
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Guest Editor
Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg, Wonnhaldesttr. 4, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
Interests: molecular markers; plant genetics; DNA sequence analysis; conservation genetics; molecular biology; genetics; molecular evolution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genetic diversity is crucial for tree species’ adaptation and survival in changing environmental conditions, and maintaining high levels of diversity enables species to evolve and adapt to challenges such as climate change, disease, and habitat fragmentation. This Special Issue summarizes research on in situ and ex situ conservation strategies, as well as modern scientific approaches, aimed at preserving genetic diversity in forests. In situ conservation involves protecting species in their natural habitats, while ex situ conservation preserves genetic material outside natural environments, ensuring long-term survival. Modern science offers powerful tools to study and conserve genetic diversity. Molecular markers like microsatellites (SSRs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), and chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA markers work like genetic fingerprints, helping scientists find small differences in DNA that show how species have evolved, adapted, or been affected by humans. Geographic information systems (GISs) and remote sensing also assist in mapping forest changes and planning conservation strategies. As forests face growing threats, the need for genetic conservation has never been more urgent. The genetic heritage of our forests would be safeguarded for the present and future generations through careful management, scientific research, and community engagement. The necessity of genetic conservation has never been more pressing, as forests are confronted with an increasing number of hazards.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • The importance of genetic diversity in forests (adaptive potential, resilience, sustainability, and biodiversity support);
  • Sources of genetic diversity (natural populations, gene flow, hybridization, human interventions);
  • Conservation strategies (in situ conservation, ex situ conservation, seed banks, botanic gardens and protected arboreta, the conservation of genetic reserves, sustainable forest management, the long-term storage of genetic material (seed, pollen, DNA, tissue, etc.) from endemic and endangered species, marginal populations that need to be protected in terms of genetic diversity, qualified material in terms of breeding, appropriate forest cultivation in fire-sensitive areas, the maintenance of living collections, and cryopreservation and tissue culture);
  • Molecular and genetic tools, molecular markers (SSRs, SNPs, genomic selection, and DNA barcoding landscape genetics).

Dr. Nevenka Ćelepirović
Dr. Aikaterini Dounavi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • genetic diversity
  • tree species adaptation
  • molecular markers
  • biodiversity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1651 KB  
Article
Selection of Restoration Materials Based on Genetic Diversity and Structure of the Endangered Subalpine Conifer Taxus cuspidata, South Korea
by Han-Na Seo, Jae-Hyun Park, Ji-Young Ahn and Hyo-In Lim
Forests 2026, 17(2), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/f17020285 - 23 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Taxus cuspidata is a threatened subalpine conifer in South Korea, necessitating evidence-based restoration strategies to counter the impacts of climate change. In this study, we assessed 13 natural populations using 15 polymorphic nuclear simple sequence repeat (nSSR) markers developed in Taxus species and [...] Read more.
Taxus cuspidata is a threatened subalpine conifer in South Korea, necessitating evidence-based restoration strategies to counter the impacts of climate change. In this study, we assessed 13 natural populations using 15 polymorphic nuclear simple sequence repeat (nSSR) markers developed in Taxus species and spatial autocorrelation analysis to provide a scientific foundation for conservation. The results showed an intermediate level of genetic diversity, with the Mt. Gariwangsan population exhibiting higher diversity. This highlights its priority as a source for restoration materials. Bayesian clustering supported four distinct management units. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed significant positive genetic structure within approximately 50 m, indicating a localized genetic patch size. Based on these results, we suggest maintaining a minimum 50 m sampling distance during seed collection to avoid collecting closely related individuals and to reduce the risk of genetic homogeneity in restoration materials. Such restoration strategies informed by spatial genetic structure and broader genetic data are critical for enhancing the long-term resilience of T. cuspidata in the face of accelerating environmental shifts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population Genetic Diversity and Conservation in Forests)
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Review

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26 pages, 1007 KB  
Review
Forest Genetic Monitoring: A Global Review on Methods, Results and Consequences of Genetic Studies and Long-Term Monitoring Projects
by Ágnes Gál-Babicz, Klára Cseke, Beáta Pintér and Sándor Bordács
Forests 2026, 17(2), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/f17020165 - 27 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Numerous publications on forest genetic monitoring (FGM) and related topics in genetics and gene conservation have been published over the past three decades. This paper reviews the methods used in FGM and, more broadly, related scientific findings published to date, of which general [...] Read more.
Numerous publications on forest genetic monitoring (FGM) and related topics in genetics and gene conservation have been published over the past three decades. This paper reviews the methods used in FGM and, more broadly, related scientific findings published to date, of which general conclusions can be applied worldwide in FGM. In the strict sense, long-term FGM projects have been established only in a few regions in Europe. The methodological basis (guidelines) for FGM has already been developed, specifically for European tree species and forest communities. In genetic analyses, traditional SSR markers are predominantly used, but SNP markers from new-generation sequencing are increasingly available. Nonetheless, there is a high level of variation in monitoring activities such as biodiversity, forest health, and forest genetics, likely due to the efforts of national (governmental) and international professional organizations. Early evaluation of the first FGM projects has already been published. Scientific evidence for FGM has been limited because of the low number of projects that represent a few geographic regions and species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population Genetic Diversity and Conservation in Forests)
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