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Advanced Methods for Analysis and Detection of Pesticide Residues in Foods

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A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Analytical Methods".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2023) | Viewed by 9487

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Dr. Alejandro Barranco

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AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Astondo bidea 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
Interests: food quality; safety and identity; food safety; food control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pesticides are used throughout the world, and despite the growing popularity of organic farming they are still widely utilized in nations with pesticide regulations and monitoring programs.

This Special Issue will focus on analyzing pesticide residues in food matrices by applying advanced analytical methodologies and contemporary analytical techniques based on chromatographic techniques combined with mass spectrometry. By using high-resolution mass spectrometry to undertake targeted, nontargeted, and unknown analyses, including the identification of metabolites or unanticipated pesticides, the scope of this analysis can be expanded beyond targeted pesticides.

Studies involving the use of rapid screening tools such as sensors and biosensors will also be considered for publication in this Special Issue as they provide complementary features that can be very valuable for the detection of pesticide residues in different operational environments.

To enable the detection of pesticides with a variety of physicochemical features, extraction procedures should be as generic as possible and compatible with the analytical technique, allowing the analysis of complex food matrices.

Dr. Alejandro Barranco
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Foods is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

pesticide residues in food
pesticide detection
liquid chromatography
gas chromatography
mass spectrometry
sensors
biosensors

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 931 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Korean Proficiency Tests for Pesticide Residues in Rice: Comparison of Various Proficiency Testing Evaluation Methods and Identification of Critical Factors for Multiresidue Analysis

by Hyosub Lee, Gunhee Jung, Juhyeon Min, Hyanghee Kim, Wontae Jeong and Taekkyum Kim

Foods 2023, 12(10), 2085; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12102085 - 22 May 2023

Viewed by 1131

Abstract

Establishing pesticide safety management for agricultural products necessitates accurate pesticide analysis at analytical laboratories. Proficiency testing is regarded an effective method for quality control. Herein, proficiency tests were carried out for residual pesticide analysis in laboratories. All samples satisfied the homogeneity and stability criteria of the ISO 13528 standard. The obtained results were analyzed using the ISO 17043 z-score evaluation. Both individual pesticide and multiresidue proficiency evaluations were performed, and the proportion of z-scores within the ±2 range (“Satisfactory” rating) obtained for seven pesticides ranged 79–97%. Of the laboratories, 83% were classified as Category A using the category A/B method, and these also received AAA ratings in the triple-A evaluations. Furthermore, 66–74% of the laboratories were rated “Good” via five evaluation methods based on their z-scores. The sum of weighted z-scores and scaled sum of squared z-scores were considered as the most suitable evaluation techniques, as they compensated for the drawbacks of good results and corrected the poor results. To identify the main factors affecting laboratory analysis, the experience of the analyst, sample weight, calibration curve preparation method, and cleanup status were considered. A dispersive solid phase extraction cleanup significantly improved the results (p < 0.01). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods for Analysis and Detection of Pesticide Residues in Foods)

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13 pages, 3481 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Indirect Competitive ELISA and Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Endosulfan Detection Based on a Monoclonal Antibody

by Xinghua Zhou, Shuoning Guan, Na Li, Jiayu Zhou, Wenwen Pan and Yun Wang

Foods 2023, 12(4), 736; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12040736 - 08 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1422

Abstract

Endosulfan, as an effective broad-spectrum insecticide, has been banned in agricultural areas because of the potential harmful effects on human health. This study aimed to develop an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and colloidal gold immunochromatographic (ICA) strip based on a prepared monoclonal antibody (mAb) for quantitative and qualitative detection of endosulfan. A new mAb with high sensitivity and affinity was designed and screened. The ic-ELISA showed a 50% inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) value of 5.16 ng/mL for endosulfan. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 1.14 ng/mL. The average recoveries of endosulfan in spiked pear and apple samples ranged from 91.48–113.45% and 92.39–106.12% with an average coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 7%, respectively. The analysis of colloidal gold ICA strip could be completed within 15 min by naked eye and the visual limit of detection (vLOD) was both 40 ng/mL in pear and apple samples. In conclusion, both developed immunological methods were suitable and reliable for the on-site detection of endosulfan in real samples at trace levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods for Analysis and Detection of Pesticide Residues in Foods)

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12 pages, 2206 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simultaneous Determination of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Foods of Animal Origins Using the Modified QuEChERS Method and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

by Byung Joon Kim, Seung-Hyun Yang and Hoon Choi

Foods 2022, 11(22), 3634; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11223634 - 14 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1794

Abstract

Pyrethroid insecticides are used in agriculture to treat parasites in livestock. This study developed a simultaneous residue analysis method to measure seventeen pyrethroid insecticides in foods of animal origin, including beef, pork, chicken, milk, and eggs. The method, which comprises instrumental analysis using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for pretreatment, was optimized to verify the applicability of the method. A mixture of acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, and original salt (MgSO₄ 4 g, NaCl 1 g) was used as the extraction solvent and salt. MgSO₄ (150 mg) primary secondary amine (25 mg) and graphitized carbon black (25 mg) were selected for dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE). The method limit of quantitation was 0.01 mg/L, and the linearity of the matrix-matched calibration curves was reasonable (R2 > 0.99). Recovery tests were performed at three concentrations (LOQ, 10 LOQ, and 50 LOQ). Good recoveries (75.2109.8%) and reproducibility (coefficient of variation <10%) were obtained. The matrix effects were in the range of –35.8 to 56.0%. The established method was fully validated and can be used as an official analytical method for quantifying pyrethroid insecticides in animal commodities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods for Analysis and Detection of Pesticide Residues in Foods)

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13 pages, 1967 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of a Sensitive and Fast Determination Method for Trace Carbaryl Residues in Food Samples Based on Magnetic COF (TpPa-NH₂)@Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles and Fluorescence Detection

by Juanli Du, Hao Wu, Xu Jing, Yonghe Yu, Zhisheng Yan and Jianhai Zhang

Foods 2022, 11(19), 3130; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11193130 - 08 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1924

Abstract

Developing a simple and effective method for measuring carbaryl residues in food is urgent due to its widespread use and the associated health risks in agriculture, as well as various defects in existing detection techniques. The COF (TpPa-NH₂)@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite (amino modification) was synthesized via a two-step method and used as an adsorbent for the extraction of carbaryl from food samples in this study. The results indicated that COF (TpPa-NH₂)@Fe₃O₄ can rapidly and successfully capture carbaryl directly from samples via π–π stacking and hydrophobic interactions, achieving maximum adsorption within 5 min under a small adsorbent quantity using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Under the optimized conditions, carbaryl exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.2–120 µg·kg⁻¹, and the limit of detection was 0.012 µg·kg⁻¹. The recoveries of the samples were 96.0–107.4%. This method has broad application prospects for the monitoring of carbaryl in food. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods for Analysis and Detection of Pesticide Residues in Foods)

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20 pages, 2208 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Optimization of a Multi-Residue Analytical Method during Determination of Pesticides in Meat Products by GC-MS/MS

by Sang-Hyeob Lee, Se-Yeon Kwak, Aniruddha Sarker, Joon-Kwan Moon and Jang-Eok Kim

Foods 2022, 11(19), 2930; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11192930 - 20 Sep 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2444

Abstract

In this study, a multi-residue analysis was developed for 32 compounds, including pesticides and metabolites, in five meat products using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The validation of the developed analytical method was also evaluated in accordance with Codex Alimentarius guidelines. Aminopropyl (NH₂), C₁₈, and florisil solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were used to evaluate and optimize the cleanup procedure of the tested samples prior to GC-MS/MS analysis. Based on the analytical performance, the C₁₈ SPE cartridge was deemed to be the most suitable among the examined SPE cartridges. The optimized method demonstrated that 29 out of 32 tested compounds acquired good linearity (R² ≥ 0.99), and 25 tested compounds displayed the method limit of quantification (MLOQ) ≤ 0.01 mg/kg. Out of the 32 tested compounds, only 21 compounds met the acceptable analytical criteria for the lard and tallow samples, compared to 27 compounds in the beef, pork, and chicken samples that falls within the acceptable standards for recovery (70–120%) and analytical precision (relative standard deviation RSD ≤ 20%). The average matrix effect was widely varied (20.1–64.8%) in the studied meat samples that were affected by either ion enhancement or suppression. In particular, in the lard sample, 13 compounds showed poor recovery and analytical precision due to ion suppression. Thus, the matrix effect (ME) was considered a critical factor during multi-residue pesticide analysis in different meat products. In conclusion, this developed analytical method can be used as a routine monitoring system for residual pesticide analysis in livestock products with acceptable analytical standards. Further meticulous analytical studies should be optimized and validated for multi-residue pesticide analysis in diversified meat products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods for Analysis and Detection of Pesticide Residues in Foods)

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