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Foods
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Residue Detection and Safety Control of Food Chemical Contaminants
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Residue Detection and Safety Control of Food Chemical Contaminants

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Quality and Safety".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 4579

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Miao Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: food safety; food contaminant detection; rapid testing method; food quality control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Food safety is a globally significant public health issue. Chemical contaminants are one of the main hazard factors in food. Pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, environmental pollutants, harmful chemicals generated during food processing, and some illegal additives are significant potential risks to human health. Therefore, chemical contaminant and residue detection and safety control technologies are of great importance for ensuring food safety and consumer health. This Special Issue aims to promote researchers to share and communicate research progress on chemical residue detection and safety control technologies, such as new analytical methods for chemical pollutants in food, rapid screening or sensing technologies, and hazard reduction or removal technologies. We especially invite authors to submit original research articles or reviews on this topic.

Dr. Miao Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Foods is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • food safety
  • food contaminant detection
  • rapid testing method
  • food quality control

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 6360 KiB  
Article
Establishing Detection Methods for Okadaic Acid Aptamer–Target Interactions: Insights from Computational and Experimental Approaches
by Wenchong Shan, Jiefang Sun, Runqing Liu, Jing Wang and Bing Shao
Foods 2025, 14(5), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050854 - 2 Mar 2025
Viewed by 884
Abstract
The binding interactions between okadaic acid (OA) aptamers and OA molecules are crucial for developing effective detection methods. This study aims to identify the recognition site and establish a reliable detection protocol through computational simulations and experimental validations. After determining the target sequence [...] Read more.
The binding interactions between okadaic acid (OA) aptamers and OA molecules are crucial for developing effective detection methods. This study aims to identify the recognition site and establish a reliable detection protocol through computational simulations and experimental validations. After determining the target sequence (OA-2), molecular docking simulations using Sybyl-X and H-dock were conducted to predict the binding affinity and interaction sites of OA aptamers with their targets. These predictions were subsequently validated through experiments based on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) principle. The combined approach not only confirmed the computational predictions, identifying the “major region” as the recognition basis of OA-2, but also provided deeper insights into the binding mechanisms. Subsequently, a classical AuNPs-aptamer colorimetric detection method was established based on the OA-2 sequence and applied to the detection of real shellfish samples, achieving a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5.0 μg kg−1. The recoveries of OA in spiked samples ranged from 79.0% to 122.9%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 14.7%. The results of this study contribute to the development of robust detection methods for OA aptamer–target interactions, enhancing the potential for practical applications in toxin detection and monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Residue Detection and Safety Control of Food Chemical Contaminants)
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29 pages, 1814 KiB  
Article
Multiclass Determination of 87 Mixed Veterinary Drugs, Pesticides and Mycotoxin Residues in Beef Muscle Samples by Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
by Sandy O. S. Mookantsa, Simiso Dube and Mathew M. Nindi
Foods 2025, 14(5), 720; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050720 - 20 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 553
Abstract
A miniaturised, eco-friendly and efficient multiclass method for the simultaneous determination of 87 veterinary drugs, pesticides and mycotoxin residues in beef muscle samples by ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL–DLLME) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was developed and validated according to [...] Read more.
A miniaturised, eco-friendly and efficient multiclass method for the simultaneous determination of 87 veterinary drugs, pesticides and mycotoxin residues in beef muscle samples by ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL–DLLME) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was developed and validated according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/808 and ISO/IEC 17025: 2017. Under IL–DLLME optimum conditions, matrix calibration yielded a coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.99942 to 0.99997. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.93 to 23.78 µg kg−1 and from 1.98 to 38.27 µg kg−1, respectively. Recoveries ranged from 80.0 to 109.8% and the decision limit (CCα) values ranged from 13.0 to 523.0 µg kg−1. Repeatability and reproducibility values were achieved in the ranges of 1.55–12.91% and 1.44–13.35%, respectively. The validated method was applied to 50 real beef samples and 12% of the tested samples contained traces of some residues, but they were all below their respective LOQs and CCα; hence, the beef was fit for human consumption. The greenness of the method was assessed using five green analytical chemistry (GAC) metrics, namely, the Analytical Eco-Scale (AES), NEMI, GAPI, AGREE and ComplexGAPI, and found to be green according to the AES metric and Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach and Software (AGREE). The method provided better results at a greatly reduced cost and analysis time in comparison with standard method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Residue Detection and Safety Control of Food Chemical Contaminants)
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12 pages, 4661 KiB  
Communication
Evaluation and Validation of Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Qualitative Testing Products for the Detection of Emamectin Benzoate, Isocarbophos, and Fipronil in Cowpea Samples
by Anning Song, Miao Wang, Yongxin She, Maojun Jin, Zhen Cao, A. M. Abd El-Aty and Jing Wang
Foods 2025, 14(3), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14030478 - 2 Feb 2025
Viewed by 707
Abstract
Pesticide residues still pose a risk to human health. With the rapid development of rapid testing technology, the levels of different types of pesticide residues in agricultural products can be identified in a shorter period; thus, the safety of food can be guaranteed. [...] Read more.
Pesticide residues still pose a risk to human health. With the rapid development of rapid testing technology, the levels of different types of pesticide residues in agricultural products can be identified in a shorter period; thus, the safety of food can be guaranteed. However, the effectiveness of commercially available testing products has yet to be evaluated. In this study, colloidal gold immunochromatographic qualitative testing products manufactured by 34 companies were tested for their assay performance on Emamectin Benzoate, Isocarbophos, and fipronil with standardized cowpea samples. The results indicated that most of the evaluated products were identified as having ‘passed’. Most pesticide residue rapid test immunoassay products can be considered ideal means for testing certain pesticide residues. However, further evaluation of pesticide residue rapid test immunoassay products is needed, as detection technologies are still developing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Residue Detection and Safety Control of Food Chemical Contaminants)
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13 pages, 1294 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Pencycuron Residue Dynamics in Eggplant Using LC-MS/MS and Establishment of Pre-Harvest Residue Limits
by Da-Geon Lee, Jae-Woon Baek, Hye-Ran Eun, Ye-Jin Lee, Su-Min Kim, Tae-Gyu Min, Yong-Won Cho, Yoon-Hee Lee and Yongho Shin
Foods 2024, 13(23), 3754; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233754 - 23 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 769
Abstract
Pencycuron is a fungicide whose maximum residue limit (MRL) in eggplant is either set at very low levels (0.02 mg/kg in European Union) or remains unestablished in many countries, necessitating stringent pesticide management. To enable timely interventions by farmers and regulators, pre-harvest residue [...] Read more.
Pencycuron is a fungicide whose maximum residue limit (MRL) in eggplant is either set at very low levels (0.02 mg/kg in European Union) or remains unestablished in many countries, necessitating stringent pesticide management. To enable timely interventions by farmers and regulators, pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs) propose maximum allowable pesticide concentrations for each day during the pre-harvest period. An analytical method was developed to conduct residue determination trials, demonstrating that graphitized carbon black (GCB) effectively removes eggplant matrices during sample preparation. The LC-MS/MS method was established with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.005 mg/kg, recovery rates ranging from 102.6% to 106.1% with relative standard deviation (RSD; 2.3–6.4%), and a matrix effect (%ME) of +8.1%. Residue analysis revealed a concentration of 0.045 mg/kg at 0 days after treatment (DAT), decreasing to 0.006 mg/kg at 14 DAT. The residue dynamics followed a first-order kinetic model, as confirmed by the F-test, with a rate constant of 0.1405. Therefore, the half-life was determined to be 4.9 d. Based on the MRL value of 0.02 mg/kg at 0 days before harvest (DBH), the PHRL was determined using both k and kmin, resulting in values of 0.04 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg at 5 days and 0.08 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg at 10 DBH, respectively. Using kmin yields more conservative results, which ensures food safety under conditions of slower degradation rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Residue Detection and Safety Control of Food Chemical Contaminants)
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13 pages, 5067 KiB  
Article
Cascade Amplifying Electrochemical Bioanalysis for Zearalenone Detection in Agricultural Products: Utilizing a Glucose–Fenton–HQ System on Bimetallic–ZIF@CNP Nanocomposites
by Guoxing Liu, Zhaoying Liu, Yumeng Sun, Mingna Sun, Jinsheng Duan, Ye Tian, Daolin Du and Ming Li
Foods 2024, 13(19), 3192; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13193192 - 8 Oct 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1192
Abstract
The integration of advanced materials and signaling cascade strategies is a promising and highly relevant topic for enhancing the performance of bioanalysis. In this study, a three-stage cascade amplification electrochemical bioanalysis (TCAE-bioanalysis) was developed and evaluated for the detection of zearalenone (ZEN). This [...] Read more.
The integration of advanced materials and signaling cascade strategies is a promising and highly relevant topic for enhancing the performance of bioanalysis. In this study, a three-stage cascade amplification electrochemical bioanalysis (TCAE-bioanalysis) was developed and evaluated for the detection of zearalenone (ZEN). This method couples immunoreaction with a glucose–Fenton–hydroquinone (HQ) system on bimetallic–ZIF (B-ZIF)@CNP nanocomposites. The B-ZIF@CNP-modified gold electrode (AuE) was prepared, offering high conductivity and an excellent reaction interface. The immunoreaction introduced glucose oxidase (GOx) into the glucose–Fenton–HQ system, generating an abundant electron signal. The method achieved an ultrasensitive limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.87 pg/mL, with an IC50 value of 30.8 pg/mL, representing a 229-fold enhancement in sensitivity compared to ELISA using the same monoclonal antibody (McAb). The specificity, reliability, and practicality of this approach were thoroughly demonstrated for agricultural product samples. Additionally, the TCAE-bioanalysis offers several advantages, including simplified preparation for advanced B-ZIF@CNP, a convenient detection system, and the use of common and environmentally friendly reagents. This study presents a comprehensive approach to improving electrochemical bioanalysis and may also expand the application of signaling cascades and environmentally friendly techniques in other biosensing or diagnostic contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Residue Detection and Safety Control of Food Chemical Contaminants)
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