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Foods
Special Issues
Contaminants and Residues in Food: Analytical Monitoring and Risk Assessment
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Contaminants and Residues in Food: Analytical Monitoring and Risk Assessment

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Quality and Safety".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 3425

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Miguel Ángel González-Curbelo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad EAN, Bogotá, Colombia
Interests: multi-residue analysis; contaminants; environmental and food analysis; sample preparation; chromatographic techniques, mass spectrometry; analytical methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Bulent Kabak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
2. Biotechnology Laboratory, Machinery and Manufacturing Technology Application and Research Center, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
Interests: mycotoxin; pesticides; food safety; food analysis; food contaminants; risk assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chemical contaminants and residues in food remain a significant global concern, posing potential risks to public health and the environment. These contaminants, including pesticide residues, heavy metals, mycotoxins, and other toxic substances, often enter the food chain through agricultural practices, environmental pollution, and industrial processes. As a result, rigorous monitoring and assessments of these hazardous substances are crucial for ensuring food safety and complying with regulatory standards. Robust and validated analytical methods are essential for the accurate detection and quantification of contaminants in complex food matrices. This Special Issue is dedicated to monitoring and analyzing chemical residues in food, focusing on applying advanced analytical techniques such as chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and other sensitive detection methods. We also welcome contributions that explore developments in analytical methods, whether in sample preparation or chromatographic processes, to enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability of contaminant detection. We welcome contributions that discuss the implementation of monitoring programs, report on the prevalence of contaminants in various regions, and explore the implications of these findings regarding risk assessment and public health. Through this Special Issue, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of current efforts to monitor food contaminants and to highlight the importance of continuous surveillance in ensuring food quality and safety worldwide.

Prof. Dr. Miguel Ángel González-Curbelo
Prof. Dr. Bulent Kabak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Foods is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • food contaminants
  • analytical methods
  • residue monitoring
  • food safety
  • environmental monitoring
  • risk assessment
  • chromatography
  • mass spectrometry

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1556 KiB  
Article
Dynamics of the Dissipation of Acetamiprid, Azoxystrobin, and β-Cyfluthrin in Jalapeño Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Produced Under Greenhouse and Open-Field Conditions
by Luis Alfonso Jiménez-Ortega, Jaime Villa-Bojórquez, Pedro de Jesús Bastidas-Bastidas, Rosalba Contreras-Martínez, José Armando Carrillo-Fasio and Manuel Alonzo Báez-Sañudo
Foods 2025, 14(6), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14061023 - 17 Mar 2025
Viewed by 457
Abstract
Pepper is one of the most widely consumed foods around the world. China is the leading producer, while Mexico is the primary exporter. To support these roles, the responsible use of agrochemicals is essential. Additionally, investigating the factors influencing pesticide dissipation is critical [...] Read more.
Pepper is one of the most widely consumed foods around the world. China is the leading producer, while Mexico is the primary exporter. To support these roles, the responsible use of agrochemicals is essential. Additionally, investigating the factors influencing pesticide dissipation is critical to ensure that residue levels do not exceed established Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and to achieve the required pre-harvest interval (PHI). This is essential to prevent trade-related issues and mitigate potential health risks to consumers. Consequently, this study aims to evaluate the dissipation dynamics of acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, and β-cyfluthrin residues in jalapeño peppers cultivated under both greenhouse and open-field conditions. Three applications of a manufacturer’s suggested dosage were evaluated, with 7-day intervals between each. The residual content was quantified after 1 h and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days following each application. A QuEChERS method utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography equipped with a micro electron capture detector (GC-µECD) to determine the pesticide residues was optimized and validated, obtaining suitable performance, with satisfactory linearity, detection and quantification limits, recovery rates, and accuracy. The dissipation curves were constructed from the residues and dissipation percentages of the pesticides over time, elucidating the initial residuality, accumulation, half-life, residence time, and total persistence of the active ingredient. In addition, an analysis was carried out, relating climatic conditions to the cumulative dissipation of pesticides. The results show an increase in the initial residues, half-life, and residence time of pesticides in the greenhouse. Otherwise, in the open field, the residues of the pesticides acetamiprid and azoxystrobin increased over the initial applications. Climatic conditions, mainly evapotranspiration during crop growing, involve the dissipation of pesticides in jalapeño pepper. The validation method demonstrated satisfactory parameters, aligning with the guidelines provided by the US EPA and SENASICA. All concentrations quantified in real samples were found to be below the MRLs, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. Additionally, the dissipation kinetics played a critical role in elucidating key aspects such as residence times, latency periods, and marketing timelines for ensuring food safety. This kinetics provided essential insights into the behavior and persistence of the residues, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of their dynamics in agricultural and commercial contexts. We believe these findings underscore the reliability and applicability of the method for monitoring pesticide residues in real-world scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contaminants and Residues in Food: Analytical Monitoring and Risk Assessment)
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13 pages, 1006 KiB  
Article
Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Multi-Pesticide Residues in Apples: A Focus on Consumer Safety
by Eylem Odabas, Mehmet Keklik, Ozgur Golge, Miguel Ángel González-Curbelo and Bulent Kabak
Foods 2024, 13(19), 3186; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13193186 - 7 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2348
Abstract
Pesticide residues in human diets pose significant health hazards, particularly for vulnerable populations such as infants and children. This study aimed to determine pesticide residues in apples and to assess the cumulatively chronic risk posed to adult and child consumers from simultaneous exposure [...] Read more.
Pesticide residues in human diets pose significant health hazards, particularly for vulnerable populations such as infants and children. This study aimed to determine pesticide residues in apples and to assess the cumulatively chronic risk posed to adult and child consumers from simultaneous exposure to multiple residues. During the 2022–2023 harvest seasons, 100 apple samples from Turkey were analyzed for the presence of 225 different pesticide residues. Pesticide extraction was performed using the QuEChERS method, followed by detection through liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Fifteen distinct pesticides (ten insecticides and five fungicides) were detected in 64 out of the 100 apple samples analyzed. Eleven samples contained pesticide residues that exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the Turkish Food Codex and the European Union. Thiophanate-methyl was the most frequently detected pesticide (34%) in apples, with concentrations ranging from 0.012 to 0.108 mg kg−1, all of which were well below the MRL of 0.5 mg kg−1. Other commonly detected residues included chlorantraniliprole (28%), acetamiprid (24%), sulfoxaflor (22%), bifenazate (18%), indoxacarb (13%), diflubenzuron (12%), and carbendazim (10%). Under a worst-case scenario, the hazard index (HI) values for adults and children were 0.85% and 2.60%, respectively, indicating that these values remain significantly below the risk threshold of 100%, suggesting no associated health risks from apple consumption. However, regular monitoring of pesticide residues in fresh fruits and vegetables remains critically important. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contaminants and Residues in Food: Analytical Monitoring and Risk Assessment)
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