Brewing Microorganisms in Fermented Foods: Physiological Characteristics, Succession Patterns and Metabolic Functions

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 18 April 2026 | Viewed by 585

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Interests: fermented foods; microbial community; multi-omics analyses; food microorganism
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Guest Editor
Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
Interests: yeast; stress tolerance; physiology; multi-omics

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Guest Editor
College of Life Sciences and Agri-Forestry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
Interests: fermented foods; microbial community; baijiu

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Food microbes are the main drivers of food fermentation, responsible for the transformation of raw ingredients into a diverse array of fermented foods and beverages with enhanced sensory attributes, nutritional value, and shelf-life. Recently, high-throughput sequencing has effectively mapped the taxonomic landscape of these ecosystems, and a deeper physiological and metabolic understanding of the key microorganisms is now crucial to decipher the principles governing community assembly and function. This Special Issue, titled “Brewing Microorganisms in Fermented Foods: Physiological Characteristics, Succession Patterns and Metabolic Functions”, seeks to highlight research that moves beyond census-taking to explore the physiology and metabolic activities of individual microbes and their interactions within complex consortia. We aim to compile studies that elucidate how the intrinsic physiological traits of microorganisms (e.g., stress responses, nutrient utilization, communication) dictate their functional output and ultimately shape the dynamic succession of the entire community.

Prof. Dr. Chongde Wu
Dr. Dingkang Wang
Dr. Guiqiang He
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • brewing microorganisms
  • fermented food
  • physiological characteristics
  • metabolic function
  • microbial community
  • microbial succession
  • multi-omics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 7612 KB  
Article
Insights into Physicochemical Characteristics, Flavor Development, and Microbial Succession During the Natural Fermentation of Sichuan-Style Black Soybean Soy Sauce
by Yutian Xie, Shenglan Liao, Youming Li, Xianbin Wang, Yunhao Lu, Qixu Fu, Qiang He, Yuanlong Chi and Zhenghong Xu
Foods 2025, 14(23), 4049; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14234049 - 26 Nov 2025
Viewed by 370
Abstract
Sichuan-style black soybean soy sauce is a traditional fermented condiment renowned for its complex and regionally distinctive flavor profile. This study systematically investigated the physicochemical properties, flavor compounds, and microbial succession during six months of natural fermentation to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its [...] Read more.
Sichuan-style black soybean soy sauce is a traditional fermented condiment renowned for its complex and regionally distinctive flavor profile. This study systematically investigated the physicochemical properties, flavor compounds, and microbial succession during six months of natural fermentation to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its unique flavor formation. Results showed that the amino acid nitrogen level increased to a peak of 1.37 g/100 mL before stabilizing at 1.01 g/100 mL, accompanied by a continuous rise in total acidity (0.69–2.75 g/100 mL). A total of 132 volatile compounds were identified, with esters (e.g., hexanoic acid, methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, and methyl ester), alcohols (e.g., (E)-2-hepten-1-ol and trans-2-undecen-1-ol), and aldehydes (e.g., benzaldehyde and benzeneacetaldehyde) serving as key differentiating components. Nine taste-active (TAV ≥ 1) and 22 odor-active (ROAV ≥ 1) compounds were recognized as major flavor determinants, among which methional (ROAV = 4.77–119.05), 1-octen-3-ol (ROAV = 40.68–149.35), and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (ROAV = 4.70–36.26) were dominant contributors imparting sauce-like, mushroom-like, and smoky-clove notes, respectively. Microbial succession revealed a transition from Weissella and Aspergillus dominance in the early stage to salt-tolerant Tetragenococcus and aroma-producing yeasts (Kodamaea and Zygosaccharomyces) in later phases. Beyond organic acids and fermentation parameters (e.g., pH and salinity), microbial interactions were identified as critical drivers shaping community assembly and succession. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed a stage-dependent mechanism of flavor formation. During the initial stage (0–2 months), Aspergillus-mediated proteolysis released free amino acids as key taste precursors. In the later stages (3–6 months), Tetragenococcus and aroma-producing yeasts dominated, synthesizing characteristic esters (e.g., benzoic acid and methyl ester, correlated with Tetragenococcus; r = 0.71, p < 0.05), phenolics (e.g., 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, correlated with Wickerhamomyces; r = 0.89, p < 0.05), and sulfur-containing compounds (e.g., methional, correlated with Wickerhamomyces; r = 0.83, p < 0.05). Full article
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