Wild Edible Plants: Ensuring Sustainable Food Security in an Era of Climate Change

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Security and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 10837

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
The Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Interests: food science; wild edible plants; edible weeds; biodiversity; species identification; climate change; sustainable development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, there are more significant threats to food security than there were in earlier decades because of accelerating climate change. Some geographical areas may become too hot, dry, rainy, or cold compared to earlier decades. Ordinary crop plants may suffer and produce little or no harvest. However, many edible weeds (wild edible plants) often flourish. The best wild edible plants are mostly weeds that humans have spread almost globally through agriculture. Italians have called them alimurgic plants. They provide raw materials for healthy food even in hard times, times of war, and times when there is total loss of the ordinary harvest of cultivated plants. Fortunately, there has been an increasing number of research articles on the uses of wild edible plants and their chemical constituents since the beginning of the 21st century. Research shows that many invasive plant species provide health-promoting food as ecosystem services. We invite researchers to think of and present their research results from the viewpoint of the theme of this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Mauri Åhlberg
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • edible weeds
  • wild edible plants
  • sustainable food
  • food security
  • healthy food
  • alimurgic plants

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 162 KiB  
Editorial
Wild Edible Plants: Ensuring Sustainable Food Security in an Era of Climate Change
by Mauri K. Åhlberg
Foods 2025, 14(9), 1611; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091611 - 2 May 2025
Viewed by 553
Abstract
Currently, there are more significant threats to food security compared to earlier decades because of the accelerating rate of climate change [...] Full article

Research

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23 pages, 2667 KiB  
Article
Phylogenetic Perspectives and Ethnobotanical Insights on Wild Edible Plants of the Mediterranean, Middle East, and North Africa
by Mousaab Alrhmoun, Naji Sulaiman and Andrea Pieroni
Foods 2025, 14(3), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14030465 - 1 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1034
Abstract
This study investigates the phylogenetic and geographical distribution of wild food plants (WFPs) across 30 Mediterranean and North African (MENA) regions, focusing on the intersection of evolutionary lineage, ecological adaptation, and cultural utilization. A phylogenetic analysis of 111 genera of WFPs used in [...] Read more.
This study investigates the phylogenetic and geographical distribution of wild food plants (WFPs) across 30 Mediterranean and North African (MENA) regions, focusing on the intersection of evolutionary lineage, ecological adaptation, and cultural utilization. A phylogenetic analysis of 111 genera of WFPs used in traditional diets reveals clusters reflecting shared ancestry, functional adaptations, and ecological resilience. Key regions such as Lebanon and Ikaria stand out as potential centers for the diversity of wild food plant use, suggesting that the Eastern Mediterranean may be a primary origin area, especially for species adapted to semi-arid climates. Major plant families including Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, and Fabaceae form distinct clusters that underscore their common ancestry and adaptability, making them foundational to traditional diets and medicinal applications across various environments. Geographical analysis indicates historical connections, such as those between Malta and Egypt, supporting the hypothesis that ancient trade routes influenced the spread and cultural exchange of wild food plant use across the Mediterranean. The study emphasizes the integration of phylogenetic and ethnobotanical perspectives, shedding light on how biodiversity, ecological adaptation, and cultural practices intersect in these regions. This research demonstrates that WFPs serve as both ecological and cultural assets, crucial for preserving traditional diets and supporting biodiversity conservation amid environmental changes. Integrating evolutionary and cultural knowledge can enrich ecological understanding and contribute to the sustainable use of plant resources in the MENA regions. Full article
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16 pages, 1309 KiB  
Article
Traditional Knowledge and Efficacy Analysis of an Emerging Medicinal Food Plant: Disporopsis aspersa
by Qingyu Chen, Miaomiao Wang, Xian Hu, Jihai Zhang, Qing Zhang, Congli Xu and Chunlin Long
Foods 2025, 14(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14010072 - 30 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1151
Abstract
Disporopsis aspersa (Hua) Engl. ex K. Krause, locally known as kucai (bitter greens) or yexiahua, is a widely consumed wild vegetable and traditional herbal medicine in western Yunnan. Despite its local significance, its nutrient composition and bioactive properties have not been investigated. [...] Read more.
Disporopsis aspersa (Hua) Engl. ex K. Krause, locally known as kucai (bitter greens) or yexiahua, is a widely consumed wild vegetable and traditional herbal medicine in western Yunnan. Despite its local significance, its nutrient composition and bioactive properties have not been investigated. This study aims to determine the nutritional content and evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the aerial parts extracts of D. aspersa. The levels of protein, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals were measured and compared to those of common vegetables. The results showed that D. aspersa contains 16 amino acids, with a total content of up to 19.13 g/100 g, including 3.0 g/100 g of lysine. In vitro evaluations of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities demonstrated that the ethanolic extract exhibited low cytotoxicity against mouse RAW 264.7 murine macrophages cell line at concentrations of 0–120 μg/mL. The IC50 for nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity was 72.7 ± 7.43 μg/mL, showing dose dependence. Additionally, the ethanolic extract also exhibited ABTS+· scavenging capacity and total antioxidant capacity. These findings suggest that D. aspersa is rich in carbohydrates, fat, dietary fiber, and amino acids. It also contains various bioactive substances, supporting its traditional practices for both medicinal and dietary purposes by local people. D. aspersa has the potential to be developed into a novel anti-hypertensive food, nutraceutical, or dietary supplement in western Yunnan and neighboring regions, promoting local development. Full article
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15 pages, 570 KiB  
Article
Nutritional Properties of Wild Edible Plants with Traditional Use in the Catalan Linguistic Area: A First Step for Their Relevance in Food Security
by Mar Casas, Joan Vallès and Airy Gras
Foods 2024, 13(17), 2785; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172785 - 1 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2094
Abstract
Wild food plants (WFPs) are crucial for the subsistence of many human populations. While there are at least 7000 edible plant species in the world, only approximately 420 are considered food crops. WFPs are often studied from the phytochemical and pharmacological point of [...] Read more.
Wild food plants (WFPs) are crucial for the subsistence of many human populations. While there are at least 7000 edible plant species in the world, only approximately 420 are considered food crops. WFPs are often studied from the phytochemical and pharmacological point of view, because they include available food components with nutraceutical value. The present study aims to highlight the nutritional value of WFPs traditionally used in the Catalan linguistic area, providing detailed insights and discussing the significance of these properties. Information about the nutritional properties of 93 taxa, coming from ethnobotanical prospection, has been collected through an extensive bibliographic research. The results reveal that WFPs are rich in nutrients, especially micronutrients. Furthermore, in selected species, those for which nutritional information and a cultivated homologue are available, the nutrient content in wild taxa exceeds than of phylogenetically related crop plants with similar use. Traditional wild plant preparation forms for food and the nutritional value of a menu constituted by wild food plants are presented. This research represents a preliminary step toward selecting certain taxa that could be developed into new small- or large-scale crops or sustainably harvested in the wild, contributing to food security. Full article
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15 pages, 490 KiB  
Article
Potential Interest of Oxalis pes-caprae L., a Wild Edible Plant, for the Food and Pharmaceutical Industries
by Jesús Clemente-Villalba, Francisco Burló, Francisca Hernández and Ángel A. Carbonell-Barrachina
Foods 2024, 13(6), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13060858 - 12 Mar 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2688
Abstract
(1) Background: Oxalis pes-caprae L. is a plant considered within the group of so-called Wild Edible Plants (WEPs). The particularity of these plants is that they grow only with the natural resources at their disposal. Unfortunately, these types of plants are undervalued, being [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Oxalis pes-caprae L. is a plant considered within the group of so-called Wild Edible Plants (WEPs). The particularity of these plants is that they grow only with the natural resources at their disposal. Unfortunately, these types of plants are undervalued, being regularly uprooted from the fields. (2) Methods: Therefore, this study aimed to valorize the Oxalis pes-caprae plant, analyzing the proximate composition (sugars, organic acids, minerals, amino acids profile, fatty acids content, and volatile profile) of the plant shoots (flower, leaves, and stem) to demonstrate the full potential of this WEP. (3) Results: The results showed that Oxalis pes-caprae can be considered a natural source of minerals; furthermore, 19 essential and non-essential amino acids were found. Regarding the fatty acid profile, flowers are an important source of linoleic acid, and leaves present a high amount of α-linolenic acid. (4) Conclusions: Therefore, this research provides new information that reaffirms the capacity of Oxalis pes-caprae L. (WEP) to be a plant with great future progression due to its nutritional quality since it could be used in the food, nutritional, or pharmaceutical fields. Further research must be conducted to assay the biomass production and the costs of recommending farmers not to destroy this plant in their fields. Full article
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