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Open AccessArticle

Functional Properties of an Oat-Based Postbiotic Aimed at a Potential Cosmetic Formulation

by

Giulia Lentini

,

Federica Nigro

,

Rosa Colucci Cante

,

Francesca Passannanti

,

Marianna Gallo

,

Andrea Luigi Budelli

and

Roberto Nigro

Fermentation 2022, 8(11), 632; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8110632 - 12 Nov 2022

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Abstract

The concept of postbiotic has been attracting the attention of the scientific community and several industrial realities to develop new claims and new market segments for functional fermented products. The aim of this work was to develop a process to produce an oat-based [...] Read more.

The concept of postbiotic has been attracting the attention of the scientific community and several industrial realities to develop new claims and new market segments for functional fermented products. The aim of this work was to develop a process to produce an oat-based postbiotic ingredient to be used in personal care cosmetic formulations. A hydrolyzed oatmeal suspension was fermented using Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CBA L74 as starter culture, at 37 °C for 48 h by controlling the pH; then the bacterial charge was inactivated by a mild thermal treatment at 80 °C for 30 s, obtaining a postbiotic. The effect of different process steps, hydrolysis, sterilization, fermentation, and inactivation phases, on lactic acid concentration, total polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibition activity and Sun Protection Factor value was investigated, demonstrating the potential cosmetic applications. The maximum bacterial growth and lactic acid production were achieved after 24 h of process, with a cell density and a lactic acid concentration of 3.05 × 10⁹ CFU/mL and 8.60 g/L, respectively. The total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity reached their maximum values (2.5 mgGAE/mL, EC₅₀ = 2.2 mg/mL and 1.38 × 10⁻² mmol Fe²⁺/g and 7.3 × 10⁻³ mmol TE/g, respectively) after the sterilization treatment; the maximum tyrosinase inhibition of 50.6%, corresponding to a sample concentration of 16 mg/mL, was found after 24 h of fermentation process. Fermentation did not show an impact on UV shielding ability and the SPF value decreased during the process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fermentation in Cosmetics)

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Open AccessArticle

Enhancement of Melanogenic Inhibitory Effects of the Leaf Skin Extracts of Aloe barbadensis Miller by the Fermentation Process

by

,

,

and

Fermentation 2022, 8(11), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8110580 - 27 Oct 2022

Viewed by 661

Abstract

This work first showed that the skin-lightening effects of the leaf skin extracts of Aloe vera were significantly increased by the fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum BN41. The fermented extract (BF) showed much higher antioxidant activities of DPPH scavenging effects and the reduction in [...] Read more.

This work first showed that the skin-lightening effects of the leaf skin extracts of Aloe vera were significantly increased by the fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum BN41. The fermented extract (BF) showed much higher antioxidant activities of DPPH scavenging effects and the reduction in intracellular ROS production than the water extract (BW), and even higher than Trolox as a positive control. High efficacy of the BF results was shown from the synergistic effects of higher elution of aloesin (2.96 ± 0.09 mg/g vs. 2.03 ± 0.02 mg/g in BF and BW, respectively) and bioactive substances from the fermentation processes. The inhibition of tyrosinase activities and melanin synthesis at 0.3% (w/v) optimal dosage of BF was much better than those of arbutin and aloesin, which are commercial skin-lightening ingredients. It was also first proved that BF effectively down-regulated all microphthalmia-associated transcription factors (MITF), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TYRP-1) and TYRP-2, and tyrosinase (TYR) gene expression (p < 0.05), proposing melanogenesis inhibitory mechanism in the MITF/TYRP-1/TYRP-2/TYR pathway. However, aloesin and arbutin selectively suppressed the expression of TRYP-1, TRYP-2 or TYR. It was clearly demonstrated that the fermentation process reduces inherent cytotoxicity of aloe, showing much less cell cytotoxicity than BW. Conclusively, 0.3% (w/v) of the BF can be utilized as a competitive and sustainable natural skin-lightening ingredient. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fermentation in Cosmetics)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

Fermented Cosmetics and Metabolites of Skin Microbiota—A New Approach to Skin Health

by

,

,

,

,

,

,

and

Fermentation 2022, 8(12), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8120703 - 02 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1026

Abstract

The skin covers our entire body and is said to be the “largest organ of the human body”. It has many health-maintaining functions, such as protecting the body from ultraviolet rays and dryness and maintaining body temperature through energy metabolism. However, the number [...] Read more.

The skin covers our entire body and is said to be the “largest organ of the human body”. It has many health-maintaining functions, such as protecting the body from ultraviolet rays and dryness and maintaining body temperature through energy metabolism. However, the number of patients suffering from skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, is increasing due to strong irritation of the skin caused by detergents that are spread by the development of the chemical industry. The skin is inhabited by about 10²–10⁷ cells/cm² and 1000 species of commensal bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microorganisms. In particular, metabolites such as fatty acids and glycerol released by indigenous skin bacteria have been reported to have functional properties for the health of the skin. Therefore, skin-domesticating bacteria and the metabolites derived from those bacteria are used in many skincare product ingredients and function as probiotic cosmetics. Japanese traditional fermented stuff, used as foods in Japan for over 1300 years, are now being applied as fermented cosmetics. Fermented cosmetics are expected to have multifaceted health functionality and continue to grow as products in the natural skincare product market. In this review, we consider approaches to skin health using fermented cosmetics and modulation of skin microflora metabolites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fermentation in Cosmetics)

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