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Energies
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Process Simulations and Experimental Studies of CO2 Capture
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Process Simulations and Experimental Studies of CO2 Capture

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 17802

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jose Ramon Fernandez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Carbon Science and Technology Institute (INCAR-CSIC) Francisco Pintado Fe, 26, 33001 Oviedo, Spain
Interests: CO2 capture; CO2 sorption; low carbon technology; process design; process optimization; heterogeneous catalysis; chemical reaction engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A great decarbonization of electricity-generating and industrial sectors (i.e., cement, steel, refineries, etc.) is needed by 2050 to moderate climate change to a maximum of 1.5 °C. Currently, more than 80% of global primary energy use is fossil-based. Power plants are still the major CO2 emitters, but they are gradually being replaced or supplemented with renewable energy sources (such as wind or solar), while many industrial processes do not have a credible alternative to operate without fossil fuels. In this context, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) should play an essential role to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions according to the ambitious objectives agreed at COP21 to limit global warming. CO2 capture is one of the topics that have sparked higher interest among the scientific community in the last decade due to its inherent multidisciplinary nature and the urgent need for developing feasible processes that combine high-energy efficiency and moderate cost. The use of the captured CO2 as feedstock to produce value-added products offers a tremendous opportunity for the exploration of novel catalytic applications, synthesis of chemical products or sustainable fuels production, while avoiding the extraction of additional fossil resources.

This Special Issue will compile innovative publications elaborated by prominent researchers from different disciplines, which will provide a substantial advance in the state-of-the-art in the field of the CO2 capture technologies, covering recent relevant investigations on process modeling, reactor design, process optimization, and advanced materials.

Dr. Jose Ramon Fernandez
Guest Editor

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • CO2 capture
  • low carbon technology
  • process modeling
  • technoeconomics
  • process optimization
  • energy efficiency
  • CO2 sorption capacity
  • sorbent regeneration

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 189 KiB  
Editorial
Process Simulations and Experimental Studies of CO2 Capture
by José Ramón Fernández
Energies 2022, 15(2), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020544 - 13 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1794
Abstract
Carbon dioxide, whose global emissions into the atmosphere have reached a maximum of about 36 billion tons per year (compared to the 6 billion tons emitted in 1950), is considered by far the main greenhouse gas (GHG) [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Simulations and Experimental Studies of CO2 Capture)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

20 pages, 17800 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Role of Carbon Capture and Storage in Mitigation Pathways of Developing Economies
by Panagiotis Fragkos
Energies 2021, 14(7), 1879; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14071879 - 29 Mar 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2888
Abstract
The Paris Agreement has set out ambitious climate goals aiming to keep global warming well-below 2 °C by 2100. This requires a large-scale transformation of the global energy system based on the uptake of several technological options to reduce drastically emissions, including expansion [...] Read more.
The Paris Agreement has set out ambitious climate goals aiming to keep global warming well-below 2 °C by 2100. This requires a large-scale transformation of the global energy system based on the uptake of several technological options to reduce drastically emissions, including expansion of renewable energy, energy efficiency improvements, and fuel switch towards low-carbon energy carriers. The current study explores the role of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as a mitigation option, which provides a dispatchable source for carbon-free production of electricity and can also be used to decarbonise industrial processes. In the last decade, limited technology progress and slow deployment of CCS technologies worldwide have increased the concerns about the feasibility and potential for massive scale-up of CCS required for deep decarbonisation. The current study uses the state-of-the-art PROMETHEUS global energy demand and supply system model to examine the role and impacts of CCS deployment in a global decarbonisation context. By developing contrasted decarbonisation scenarios, the analysis illustrates that CCS deployment might bring about various economic and climate benefits for developing economies, in the form of reduced emissions, lower mitigation costs, ensuring the cost efficient integration of renewables, limiting stranded fossil fuel assets, and alleviating the negative distributional impacts of cost-optimal policies for developing economies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Simulations and Experimental Studies of CO2 Capture)
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27 pages, 4173 KiB  
Article
Techno-Economic Assessment of Different Heat Exchangers for CO2 Capture
by Solomon Aforkoghene Aromada, Nils Henrik Eldrup, Fredrik Normann and Lars Erik Øi
Energies 2020, 13(23), 6315; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236315 - 30 Nov 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5865
Abstract
We examined the cost implications of selecting six different types of heat exchangers as the lean/rich heat exchanger in an amine-based CO2 capture process. The difference in total capital cost between different capture plant scenarios due to the different costs of the [...] Read more.
We examined the cost implications of selecting six different types of heat exchangers as the lean/rich heat exchanger in an amine-based CO2 capture process. The difference in total capital cost between different capture plant scenarios due to the different costs of the heat exchangers used as the lean/rich heat exchanger, in each case, is in millions of Euros. The gasketed-plate heat exchanger (G-PHE) saves significant space, and it saves considerable costs. Selecting the G-PHE instead of the shell and tube heat exchangers (STHXs) will save €33 million–€39 million in total capital cost (CAPEX), depending on the type of STHX. About €43 million and €2 million in total installed costs (CAPEX) can be saved if the G-PHE is selected instead of the finned double-pipe heat exchanger (FDP-HX) or welded-plate heat exchanger, respectively. The savings in total annual cost is also in millions of Euros/year. Capture costs of €5/tCO2–€6/tCO2 can be saved by replacing conventional STHXs with the G-PHE, and over €6/tCO2 in the case of the FDP-HX. This is significant, and it indicates the importance of clearly stating the exact type and not just the broad classification of heat exchanger used as lean/rich heat exchanger. This is required for cost estimates to be as accurate as possible and allow for appropriate comparisons with other studies. Therefore, the gasketed-plate heat exchanger is recommended to save substantial costs. The CO2 capture costs of all scenarios are most sensitive to the steam cost. The plate and frame heat exchangers (PHEs) scenario’s capture cost can decline from about €77/tCO2 to €59/tCO2 or rise to €95/tCO2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Simulations and Experimental Studies of CO2 Capture)
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21 pages, 2616 KiB  
Article
Functionalization of Silica SBA-15 with [3-(2-Aminoethylamino)Propyl] Trimethoxysilane in Supercritical CO2 Modified with Methanol or Ethanol for Carbon Capture
by Yolanda Sánchez-Vicente, Lee Stevens, Concepción Pando and Albertina Cabañas
Energies 2020, 13(21), 5804; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215804 - 6 Nov 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3548
Abstract
The CO2 adsorption process using amine-grafted silica is a promising technology for reducing the CO2 emissions from the power and industry sectors. In this work, silica SBA-15 was functionalized using [3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl] trimethoxysilane (AEAPTS) in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) modified [...] Read more.
The CO2 adsorption process using amine-grafted silica is a promising technology for reducing the CO2 emissions from the power and industry sectors. In this work, silica SBA-15 was functionalized using [3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl] trimethoxysilane (AEAPTS) in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) modified with 10% mol methanol or ethanol. The functionalization experiments were carried out at 323 K and 12.5 MPa, and with reaction times of 2 and 3 h. The molar fraction of AEAPTS in scCO2 plus 10% mol alcohol ranged from 0.5 × 10−3 to 1.8 × 10−3. It was found that as the molar fraction of AEAPTS increased, the amino-grafting density steadily rose, and the pore volume, surface area and pore size of the functionalized silica SBA-15 also decreased gradually. The scCO2 functionalization method was compared to the traditional toluene method. The diamine-SBA-15 prepared in the scCO2 process shows a slightly lower amine-grafting density but a higher surface area and pore volume than the ones obtained using the traditional method. Finally, the excess CO2 adsorption capacity of the materials at different temperatures and low pressure was measured. The diamine-silica SBA-15 displayed moderate excess CO2 adsorption capacities, 0.7–0.9 mmol∙g−1, but higher amine efficiency, ca. 0.4, at 298 K, due to the chemisorption of CO2. These findings show that diamine-grafted silica for post-combustion capture or direct air capture can be obtained using a media more sustainable than organic solvents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Simulations and Experimental Studies of CO2 Capture)
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19 pages, 9136 KiB  
Article
The Flow Characteristics of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2) Jet Fracturing in Limited Perforation Scenarios
by Can Cai, Song Xie, Qingren Liu, Yong Kang, Dong Lian and Banrun Li
Energies 2020, 13(10), 2627; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102627 - 21 May 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2987
Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) jet fracturing is a promising alternative for shale gas fracturing instead of water. However, most studies pay more attention to the fracture generation and ignore the flow characteristic of SC-CO2 jet fracturing in limited perforation scenarios. [...] Read more.
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) jet fracturing is a promising alternative for shale gas fracturing instead of water. However, most studies pay more attention to the fracture generation and ignore the flow characteristic of SC-CO2 jet fracturing in limited perforation scenarios. To accurately explore the flow field in a limited perforation tunnel, a numerical model of a SC-CO2 jet in a limited perforation tunnel before fracture initiation is established based on the corresponding engineering background. The comparison between the numerical simulation and experiments has proved that the model is viable for this type of analysis. By using the numerical method, the flow field of the SC-CO2 jet fracturing is analyzed, and influencing factors are discussed later. The verification and validation show that the numerical model is both reliable and accurate. With the dramatic fluctuating of turbulent mixing in a fully developed region, there is an apparent increase in the CO2 density and total pressure during limited perforation. When the z increases from 10 times r0 to 145 times r0, the velocity on the perforation wall surface would decrease below 0 m/s, resulting in backflow in the perforation tunnel. The structure of the nozzle, including the outlet length and outlet diameters, significantly affects the axial velocity and boosting pressure in the perforation tunnel. The highest total pressure exists when the nozzle length-to-radius ratio is 2. The maximum velocity of the jet core drops from 138.7 to 78 m/s, and the “hydraulic isolating ring” starts disappearing when the radius changes from 1 to 1.5 mm. It is necessary to increase the aperture ratio as much as possible to ensure pressurization but not over 1. Based on a similar theory high-speed photography results clearly show that the SC-CO2 develops to fully jetting in only 0.07 s and a strong mixing exists in the annular region between the jet core and the surroundings, according with the numerical simulation. This study should be helpful for scholars to comprehensively understand the interaction between the SC-CO2 jet and perforation, which is beneficial for studying SC-CO2 fracturing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Simulations and Experimental Studies of CO2 Capture)
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