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Energy Storage, Energy Conversion, and Multifunctional Materials, 2nd Edition
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Energy Storage, Energy Conversion, and Multifunctional Materials, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D: Energy Storage and Application".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 September 2026 | Viewed by 3303

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yiannis Katsigiannis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71004 Heraklion, Greece
Interests: power generation; power systems; wind energy; energy efficiency; power production; renewable energy; solar cells; mechanical engineering; solar energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy storage has recently been proven to be a key element in the operation of modern power systems and mobile user electronics. Additionally, the share of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased exponentially, and it is expected that EVs will play a key role in the transportation sector in upcoming years. Although the cost of energy storage has decreased rapidly, these systems are still expensive, and significant investment and research are needed in order to overcome this problem. Energy storage may also be related to size, volume and lifetime limitations, depending on the application.

In modern power systems, energy storage plays a key role, as it enhances their flexibility by increasing the penetration of renewable energy technologies, improves efficiency by reducing delivery losses, and increases system reliability and resilience. This role is further extended with the integration of EVs into these systems. This Special Issue aims to present the state of the art of energy storage systems and technologies that are mainly related to power systems and EVs by considering the role of energy storage at its greatest scale, including research and new trends, material use, manufacturing processes, operational characteristics, recycling and life cycle assessment (LCA).

Dr. Yiannis Katsigiannis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • energy storage and conversion
  • lithium batteries
  • solid-state batteries
  • graphene batteries
  • short-term and long-term energy storage
  • stretchable energy storage
  • electric vehicles (EVs)
  • supercapacitors/ultracapacitors
  • flywheels
  • pumped hydro storage
  • superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)
  • thermal energy storage
  • hydrogen storage and fuel cells
  • autonomous power systems
  • renewable energy sources
  • effect on power system reliability and resilience
  • smart grids
  • distributed energy resources (DERs)
  • demand side management
  • multifunctional materials
  • low-cost materials
  • life cycle assessment (LCA) of energy storage
  • recycling of energy storage technologies

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

35 pages, 3890 KB  
Article
Novel Concept of Assessing the Cost of Delivered and Non-Delivered Electricity by Deploying Mobile Electricity Storage Facilities
by Krzysztof Zagrajek, Mariusz Kłos, Marc Petit, Józef Paska and Łukasz Sosnowski
Energies 2025, 18(23), 6190; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236190 - 26 Nov 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 827
Abstract
Due to the growing importance of ensuring energy security while using low-carbon sources of electricity, it is necessary to use energy storage technologies. However, sometimes it is not possible to use stationary battery energy storage systems. In such cases, mobile energy storage facilities [...] Read more.
Due to the growing importance of ensuring energy security while using low-carbon sources of electricity, it is necessary to use energy storage technologies. However, sometimes it is not possible to use stationary battery energy storage systems. In such cases, mobile energy storage facilities are an alternative solution. This article presents a methodology for assessing the cost of delivering or not delivering energy to the end user when demand will be covered by mobile electricity storage facilities. It is proposed that financial compensation for the end user should depend on hourly revenues and a bonus coefficient. Next, the cost of delivering energy to the end user was minimized by changing the nominal capacity of the mobile energy storage battery and the number of vehicles, taking into account technical and spatial constraints. The results show that the average cost of delivering energy from mobile energy storage systems can vary from 0.4 EUR/kWh to even 184 EUR/kWh, with an average cost of 9.1 EUR/kWh. However, it should be emphasized that a fleet of vehicles with mobile energy storage facilities can only provide energy for a limited period of time. Out of all the simulations carried out, the best results were achieved for the 1 and 4 h power outages; the level of successful electricity provision was above 80%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage, Energy Conversion, and Multifunctional Materials, 2nd Edition)
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32 pages, 1767 KB  
Article
Managing Market Competition and Battery Disassembly Design in an Echelon Utilization Supply Chain: The Case of China Electric Vehicle Industry
by Senlin Zhao, Xinkang Wang and Hongchen Liu
Energies 2025, 18(21), 5820; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215820 - 4 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 881
Abstract
The echelon utilization of electric vehicle batteries is regarded as an effective method for treating waste batteries, enabling the recycling and reuse of retired electric vehicle batteries. However, the efficiency of battery disassembly is a crucial factor that impacts the potential for battery [...] Read more.
The echelon utilization of electric vehicle batteries is regarded as an effective method for treating waste batteries, enabling the recycling and reuse of retired electric vehicle batteries. However, the efficiency of battery disassembly is a crucial factor that impacts the potential for battery recycling. When manufacturers take disassembly efficiency into account during the design phase of new electric vehicle batteries, they can significantly reduce disassembly costs at the time of decommissioning. This, in turn, incentivizes recycling and echelon utilization of waste batteries. Our research aims to promote the echelon use of waste batteries and analyze how market competition intensity and profits from battery echelon utilization influence decision-making within the battery recycling supply chain. This paper explores the effect of market competition on battery recycling and echelon utilization, while developing a supply chain model that includes a battery manufacturer responsible for determining the level of battery disassembly design and recycling waste batteries from the market, as well as a new energy vehicle manufacturer that focuses solely on recycling waste batteries. The findings indicate that as market competition increases, the battery manufacturer tends to lower both the level of battery disassembly design and the recycling price for waste batteries. Additionally, the recycling price for waste batteries offered by new energy vehicle manufacturers is also influenced by the intensity of market competition. In scenarios with low competition intensity, the recycling price tends to rise as competition intensifies. Conversely, in highly competitive markets, the recycling price decreases with increased competition. Furthermore, the overall volume of battery recycling is impacted by the intensity of market competition; in highly competitive markets, waste battery recycling is hindered. To enhance the echelon utilization of battery recycling, relevant government agencies should strive to maintain market competition at lower levels while also encouraging the recycling of batteries that do not meet usage standards. This dual approach will improve the benefits associated with the echelon utilization of waste batteries, thereby fostering greater enthusiasm for recycling among the involved enterprises. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage, Energy Conversion, and Multifunctional Materials, 2nd Edition)
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23 pages, 1948 KB  
Article
Identification of Energy Storage in Distribution Channels
by Joanna Alicja Dyczkowska, Aleksandra Panek and Norbert Chamier-Gliszczynski
Energies 2025, 18(18), 4981; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18184981 - 19 Sep 2025
Viewed by 989
Abstract
Energy storage facilities serve as flexible resources that comprehensively support grid operations; they are also essential, especially when the thermal power plants that previously served as regulators run out. Electricity is becoming the dominant carrier through which the bulk of consumers’ energy needs [...] Read more.
Energy storage facilities serve as flexible resources that comprehensively support grid operations; they are also essential, especially when the thermal power plants that previously served as regulators run out. Electricity is becoming the dominant carrier through which the bulk of consumers’ energy needs are met. The efficiency of long-distance transmission and the ease of conversion to other forms of energy in Poland are attributed to the national grid. Thanks to the development of new technologies and distribution channels, energy is changing its supply network system. The purpose of this article is to discuss the economic viability of energy storage systems and their strategic role in the energy transition. The research methods used are data analysis, and the dependence on capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating costs (OPEX) of energy storage in distribution channels. Energy storage facilities operated by grid companies account for 90% of the installed capacity, but there is a noticeable increase in the number of prosumer installations, with an energy storage of up to 50 KWh at microinstallations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage, Energy Conversion, and Multifunctional Materials, 2nd Edition)
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