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Energies
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Policy and Finance for Clean Energy Transition
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Policy and Finance for Clean Energy Transition

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "C: Energy Economics and Policy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2022) | Viewed by 16106

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gireesh Shrimali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sustainable Finance Initiative, Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
Interests: renewable energy finance and policy; clean energy transition; natural resource economics; climate finance; sustainable business models

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit your paper for consideration in MDPI’s Special Issue entitled “Policy and Finance for Clean Energy Transition”. This issue will focus on policy and finance for the energy system transition required to reach our ambitious climate targets.

In this context, energy system transition means not only deploying more green technologies (e.g., solar, wind, battery storage, electric vehicles, hydrogen, etc.) but also deploying less brown technologies (e.g., coal, natural gas, etc.). It also means developing infrastructure that enables the brown to green transition, e.g., modification of natural gas pipelines for carrying (green) hydrogen.

Furthermore, while the focus is on (ex-post) analysis and (ex-ante) design of policies (e.g., subsidies) and financial instruments (e.g., green bonds), this issue will also consider broader techno-economic analysis as well as business model development with policy implications.

Dr. Gireesh Shrimali
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • clean energy transition
  • policies
  • financial instruments
  • economic analysis

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 2872 KiB  
Article
Interaction of Consumer Heterogeneity and Technological Progress in the US Electric Vehicle Market
by Ranjit R. Desai, Eric Hittinger and Eric Williams
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4722; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134722 - 28 Jun 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3918
Abstract
Electric Technology Vehicles (ETVs: hybrid, electric, and plug-in hybrid) may reach price parity with incumbent internal combustion vehicles (ICEVs) in the near future. Climate policy for transportation will depend on the degree to which consumers prefer ETVs, and price parity is a key [...] Read more.
Electric Technology Vehicles (ETVs: hybrid, electric, and plug-in hybrid) may reach price parity with incumbent internal combustion vehicles (ICEVs) in the near future. Climate policy for transportation will depend on the degree to which consumers prefer ETVs, and price parity is a key factor. In this study, we explore the interaction between future cost reductions and the economically motivated adoption of ETVs. We construct a model of the U.S. personal vehicle market accounting for heterogenous use and vehicle preferences, in which adoption induces cost reductions that increase future market share. Model results indicate that price parity is reached for most consumers in a number of cost scenarios, but not with constant ICEV costs and modest ETV cost declines. A price parity future suggests that government support could be temporary and phased out after a successful market transition. However, if ETVs continue to be more expensive than ICEVs, then lasting government support is needed. Heterogeneity is essential to understanding the market transition: treating consumers as heterogeneous results in an ETV market share 23% higher than assuming average consumers. Future work can clarify ETV support policy by resolving uncertainty in cost trajectories and modeling dynamic and heterogenous consumer markets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Policy and Finance for Clean Energy Transition)
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42 pages, 3709 KiB  
Article
Estimating the Employment and Fiscal Consequences of Thermal Coal Phase-Out in China
by Alex Clark and Weirong Zhang
Energies 2022, 15(3), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030800 - 22 Jan 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 7793
Abstract
China hosts over half of global coal-fired power generation capacity and has the world’s largest coal reserves. Its 2060 carbon neutrality goal will require coal-fired electricity generation to shrink dramatically, with or without carbon capture and storage technology. Two macroeconomic areas in which [...] Read more.
China hosts over half of global coal-fired power generation capacity and has the world’s largest coal reserves. Its 2060 carbon neutrality goal will require coal-fired electricity generation to shrink dramatically, with or without carbon capture and storage technology. Two macroeconomic areas in which the socioeconomic impact of this decline is felt are losses in jobs and tax revenues supported by thermal coal mining, transport and power generation. At the national level, under a ‘baseline’ (B) scenario consistent with China’s carbon neutrality goal, labour productivity growth in coal mining implies that significant job losses will occur nationally in the medium term, even if all coal plants continue operating as planned. Jobs supported by the coal power industry would decline from an estimated 2.7 million in 2021, to 1.44 million in 2035 and 94,000 in 2050, with jobs losses from mining alone expected to exceed 1.1 million by 2035. Tax revenues from thermal coal would total approximately CNY 300 billion annually from 2021–2030, peaking in 2023 at CNY 340 billion. This is significantly less than estimated subsidies of at least CNY 480 billion, suggesting coal is likely a net fiscal drain on China’s public finances, even without accounting for the costs of local pollution and the social cost of carbon. As coal plant retirements accelerate, from 2034 onwards, fiscal revenues begin to fall more rapidly, with rates of decline rising from 1% in the 2020s to over 10% a year by the 2040s. More aggressive climate policy and technology scenarios bring job and tax losses forward in time, while a No Transition policy, in which all currently planned coal plants are built, delays but does not ultimately prevent these losses. At the provincial level, China’s major coal-producing provinces will likely face challenges in managing the localised effects of expected job losses and finding productive alternative uses for this labour. Governments of coal-producing provinces like Inner Mongolia, with an industry highly dependent on exports to other provinces, are more exposed than others to declining tax revenues from coal, and more insulated from job losses, given their high current degree of labour efficiency. Although their provincial revenues are likely to remain stable until the early 2030s under the B scenario, the possibility of increasing policy stringency underlines the need for revenue and skill base diversification. At the firm level, China’s ‘Big Five’ state-owned power companies were responsible for over 40% of both jobs and tax revenues in 2021. The number of jobs supported by the activities of each of the largest ten firms, with one exception, will decline by 71–84% by the early 2040s, with the tax contribution of each declining by 43–69% in the same period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Policy and Finance for Clean Energy Transition)
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19 pages, 1117 KiB  
Article
Financial Instruments to Address Renewable Energy Project Risks in India
by Gireesh Shrimali
Energies 2021, 14(19), 6405; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196405 - 7 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3572
Abstract
This paper provides a summary of financial instruments to address two biggest risks to renewable projects in India. These risks include the following: first, off-taker (or counterparty) risk, which relates to payment delays by public-sector distribution companies to independent power producers, which then [...] Read more.
This paper provides a summary of financial instruments to address two biggest risks to renewable projects in India. These risks include the following: first, off-taker (or counterparty) risk, which relates to payment delays by public-sector distribution companies to independent power producers, which then impact project level cash flows in the domestic currency; second, currency (or foreign exchange) risk related to currency fluctuations, which impact foreign investor level cash flows in foreign currencies. This paper then describes multiple solutions for each of these risks, using public funding mechanisms. For payment delays, the category of solutions is termed Payment Security Mechanisms; whereas, for currency fluctuations, the category of solutions is termed Foreign Exchange Hedging Facilities. The coverage in this paper shows the evolution of the solutions from theory to practice over time. These solutions are likely to be applicable to other developing countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Policy and Finance for Clean Energy Transition)
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