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Modern Electric Power Delivery Systems
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Modern Electric Power Delivery Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F3: Power Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2023) | Viewed by 18828

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Innocent Ewean Davidson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
Interests: electrical power systems; grid integration of renewable energy using power electronics; HVdc power transmission, power system planning and economics; and innovation for smart cities
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Elutunji Buraimoh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
Interests: microgrid; renewable energy; smart grid; power electronics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In many countries, the electric power system is facing major changes such as challenges in operating the aging electricity infrastructure while decommissioning outdated power plants, which are often synchronous generator-based fossil-fueled plants. These are often replaced or supplemented by variable renewable energy-based plants, which harness energy from limited and intermittent sources. Power network operators have the task of adapting to these two notable trends emerging in the last decade: “grid integration of renewable energy using smart technologies” and the “modernization of the traditional power grid” or smart grids. There are significant operational challenges associated with these changes, from the generation mix, transmission system and interconnections to distribution and low-voltage inverter-based microgrid networks. In designing and operating electric power networks or implementing major expansions to existing networks, a number of key issues regarding the technical performance of the network at transmission, distribution and reticulation levels must be ascertained. These include voltage regulation, voltage fluctuations, rapid voltage rise, electrical loses, distribution plant loading and utilization, fault level and fault propagation, generation stability, harmonics, phase balancing, system security, and supply availability, all of which impact power quality and grid reliability.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present: innovative design and technical solutions to operational issues in integrated grid networks, smart micro-grids, bi-directional power flow with information flow, monitoring and control using digital communications technology; innovative new infrastructures such as vehicle-to-grid implementations, the protection and mitigation of fault propagation, grid visibility and situation awareness using computational intelligence and artificial intelligence tools. Manuscripts on the sustainability of generation, distribution of electrical power, mitigation of GHG emissions, and efficient modernization and strategic management of modern electricity infrastructures in line with Industry 4.0 are invited. Papers on power network planning, design, implementation, case studies, economical and viability, as well as on their application to traditional as well as novel scenarios, are solicited.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • New and innovative power-generation technologies;
  • Artificial intelligence applications in power systems;
  • Cyber-physical systems, cyber-security and power system security;
  • Quality of supply, reliability and condition monitoring;
  • Modelling and simulation of microgrids and nanogrids;
  • Power system control, stability, modeling, computation, and optimization;
  • Load modelling and demand-side management;
  • Advanced metering infrastructure and control center applications.

Prof. Dr. Innocent E A Davidson
Dr. Elutunji Buraimoh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant utilization
  • fault level
  • generation stability
  • harmonics
  • phase balancing
  • system security
  • supply availability
  • power quality
  • grid resilience
  • voltage regulation
  • voltage fluctuations
  • rapid voltage rise
  • electrical loses

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 8153 KiB  
Article
The Impact of the Electric Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC) in Reducing Stress and Improving Battery Lifespan in a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) System
by Chrispin Tumba Tshiani and Patrice Umenne
Energies 2022, 15(22), 8680; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228680 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2973
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of the electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) in reducing stress and prolonging the battery lifespan in a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). A 65 F, 16.2 V EDLC supercapacitor was connected in a laboratory experiment to produce its [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the effect of the electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) in reducing stress and prolonging the battery lifespan in a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). A 65 F, 16.2 V EDLC supercapacitor was connected in a laboratory experiment to produce its charge/discharge profile at a constant current of 5 and 10 A. The EDLC’s Faranda or “two branch model” mathematical parameters were extracted from the experimental charge/discharge profile. The extracted parameters were used as inputs to design the Python/MATLAB/Simulink (PMS)-hybrid model of the EDLC. The charge/discharge profiles of the simulated PMS model of the EDLC were then compared to the charge/discharge profiles derived from the experimental setup of the EDLC and were found to match. The PMS model of the EDLC was then used as a subcomponent in an HESS system modelled in MATLAB/Simulink. Using constant load conditions, the battery’s voltage, current, power and state of charge (SOC) were analyzed for a battery energy storage system (BESS) without a supercapacitor and then compared to an HESS system with a supercapacitor in an experimental setup. This process was repeated with the simulated PMS model of the EDLC in MATLAB/Simulink for HESS and without the EDLC for BESS. Finally using a variable load in an experimental setup, the battery’s voltage and current were analyzed for a BESS system and compared to an HESS system. All these data show that, in an HESS system with a supercapacitor, there is less stress on the battery with a load applied. This is indicated by the voltage and current values in an HESS system being consistently more stable with respect to time as compared to the BESS system. As a result, in an HESS system, the battery will have a longer lifespan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Electric Power Delivery Systems)
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22 pages, 624 KiB  
Article
A Unit Commitment Model Considering Feasibility of Operating Reserves under Stochastic Optimization Framework
by Heejung Park
Energies 2022, 15(17), 6221; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15176221 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2291
Abstract
Grid integration of renewable resources such as solar and wind energy can significantly raise the level of uncertainty in power systems, making the scheduled operation of generating units difficult. Therefore, the importance of operating reserves is more emphasized to prevent disruption by sudden [...] Read more.
Grid integration of renewable resources such as solar and wind energy can significantly raise the level of uncertainty in power systems, making the scheduled operation of generating units difficult. Therefore, the importance of operating reserves is more emphasized to prevent disruption by sudden changes in outputs of generators. In this paper, a stochastic unit commitment (UC) model to reflect uncertainty due to a large amount of renewable resources is proposed, in which upward and downward operating reserves are deployed simultaneously, and feasibility of the reserves is examined to make the deployed reserves supplied reliably. Uncertain parameters considered in the model are wind power availability, solar direct normal irradiance, and electric load. Two-stage stochastic programming is applied to the mathematical formulation, where UC decisions including dispatch are modeled as non-anticipative variables at the first stage, and redispatch decisions to serve realized electric demand are made at the second stage as recourse. By solving the UC problem, feasible and reliable stochastic UC and dispatch solutions can be provided to power system operators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Electric Power Delivery Systems)
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23 pages, 4249 KiB  
Article
Intelligent Optimization of Switched Reluctance Motor Using Genetic Aggregation Response Surface and Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm for Improved Performance
by Chiweta Emmanuel Abunike, Ogbonnaya Inya Okoro and Sumeet S. Aphale
Energies 2022, 15(16), 6086; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15166086 - 22 Aug 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2882
Abstract
In this paper, a thorough framework for multiobjective design optimization of switched reluctance motor (SRM) is proposed. Selection of stator and rotor pole embrace coefficients is an essential step in the SRM design process since it influences torque output and torque ripple in [...] Read more.
In this paper, a thorough framework for multiobjective design optimization of switched reluctance motor (SRM) is proposed. Selection of stator and rotor pole embrace coefficients is an essential step in the SRM design process since it influences torque output and torque ripple in SRM. The problem of determining optimal pole embrace is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem with the objective of optimizing average torque, efficiency and torque ripple, and response surface models were obtained based on the genetic aggregation method. The results obtained by genetic aggregation response surface (GARS) and the non-dominated genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) were validated with the finite element method (FEM) model of the initial SRM. The optimized model displayed better efficiency profile over a wide speed range. The initial and optimized models recorded maximum efficiencies of 85% and 94.05%, respectively, at 2000 rpm. The efficiency values of 93.97–94.05% were achieved for the three pareto optimal candidates. The findings indicate the viability of the suggested strategy and support the use of GARS and NSGA-II as useful methods for addressing SRM key challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Electric Power Delivery Systems)
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16 pages, 6083 KiB  
Article
Decentralized Virtual Impedance- Conventional Droop Control for Power Sharing for Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources of a Microgrid
by Elutunji Buraimoh, Anuoluwapo O. Aluko, Oluwafemi E. Oni and Innocent E. Davidson
Energies 2022, 15(12), 4439; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15124439 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4674
Abstract
The work presents the power-sharing in a standalone low voltage AC microgrid consisting of three parallel grid supporting inverters using a virtual impedance-based droop system. Typically, isolated microgrids suffer unique challenges regarding voltage, current, frequency regulation, power flow control, and power-sharing due to [...] Read more.
The work presents the power-sharing in a standalone low voltage AC microgrid consisting of three parallel grid supporting inverters using a virtual impedance-based droop system. Typically, isolated microgrids suffer unique challenges regarding voltage, current, frequency regulation, power flow control, and power-sharing due to the absence of a stiff AC grid source. This work investigated the power flow and sharing technical challenges using three inverter-based distributed energy sources, three static loads, and one dynamic load. These distributed energy sources are interconnected with the loads using low voltage line impedance within the microgrid to implement the uneven power distribution. Furthermore, a distributed grid supporting control utilizing virtual impedance is proposed in this work to improve power-sharing. The microgrid model is developed with the MATLAB Simulink environment and validated using the Opal RT OP4510 simulator. The proposed technique ensured improved power-sharing and mitigated the effect of voltage drops introduced through a virtual impedance using combined positive and negative virtual. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Electric Power Delivery Systems)
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17 pages, 4760 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Performance of Eskom’s Cahora Bassa HVDC Scheme and Harmonic Distortion Minimization of LCC-HVDC Scheme Using the VSC-HVDC Link
by Innocent Ewean Davidson, Oluwafemi Emmanuel Oni, Anuoluwapo Aluko and Elutunji Buraimoh
Energies 2022, 15(11), 4008; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15114008 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2586
Abstract
Cahora Bassa, a thyristor-based High Voltage Direct (HVDC) link, transmits 1920 MW of power from a hydro-power plant in Zambezi River, north of Mozambique, to Apollo Substation in Johannesburg, South Africa. The high degree of harmonics distortion that is transferred into the AC [...] Read more.
Cahora Bassa, a thyristor-based High Voltage Direct (HVDC) link, transmits 1920 MW of power from a hydro-power plant in Zambezi River, north of Mozambique, to Apollo Substation in Johannesburg, South Africa. The high degree of harmonics distortion that is transferred into the AC side of the transmission network and the continuous increase in the rate at which commutation failure occurs during systems disturbance are both flaws in the utilization of this HVDC converter technology. AC and DC filters with rugged controllers are often used to minimize this effect but are limited in scope. Modern converter technology, such as the Voltage Source Converter (VSC), was proposed in this study to reduce harmonics content level, increase power transfer capabilities, enhance network stability, and reduce the rate of commutation failure occurrence. This paper, therefore, evaluates the performance analysis of the Cahora Bassa HVDC link and its level of harmonic distortion in the line commutated converters. A proposed method of utilizing VSC HVDC is provided as a suitable solution using three modular-level voltage source converter technology. Current and voltage waveform characteristics during a three-phase short circuits fault were analyzed, and the latest developments in the area of VSC HVDC were discussed. The results show a lower total harmonics distortion with the usage of VSC HVDC converter technology at the inverter station. The continuous occurrence of commutation failure was minimized by implementing a new converter architecture. The network simulation and analysis were carried out using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory engineering software tool. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Electric Power Delivery Systems)
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17 pages, 638 KiB  
Article
Advanced Distributed Cooperative Secondary Control of Islanded DC Microgrids
by Anuoluwapo Aluko, Elutunji Buraimoh, Oluwafemi Emmanuel Oni and Innocent Ewean Davidson
Energies 2022, 15(11), 3988; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15113988 - 28 May 2022
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2362
Abstract
In an islanded DC microgrid with multiple distributed generators (DGs), the droop control is employed to realize proportional current sharing among the DGs in the microgrid. The action of the droop control causes a deviation in the DC bus voltage which is exacerbated [...] Read more.
In an islanded DC microgrid with multiple distributed generators (DGs), the droop control is employed to realize proportional current sharing among the DGs in the microgrid. The action of the droop control causes a deviation in the DC bus voltage which is exacerbated by the line impedance between the DG and the DC bus. In this paper, an advanced distributed secondary control scheme is proposed to simultaneously achieve accurate voltage regulation and cooperative current sharing in the islanded DC microgrid system. The proposed distributed secondary controller is introduced in the cyber layer of the system, and each controller shares information with neighbouring controllers via a communication network. The distributed technique maintains the reliability of the overall system if some part of the communication link fails. The proposed controller uses the type-II fuzzy logic scheme to adaptively select the secondary control parameters for an improved response of the controller. The sufficient conditions to guarantee the stability of the proposed controller are derived using the Lyapunov method. Comprehensive tests under different operating scenarios are conducted to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed control scheme. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Electric Power Delivery Systems)
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