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Subsurface Energy and Environmental Protection 2024

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "H: Geo-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 5249

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: underground oil remediation; enhanced oil recovery; carbon utilization and storage; microfluidic applications
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School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
Interests: unconventional resources; shale formation evaluation; sustainable energy; CO2 geosequsation
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John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Interests: enhanced oil recovery; microfluidics/nanofluidics; transport in porous media; hydraulic fracturing; CO2 sequestration
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School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Interests: wettability; hydrodynamic and electrokinetic flow; unconventional hydrocarbon recovery; gas geo-storage
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Guest Editor
College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
Interests: geomechanics; rock mechanics; rock physics of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs; natural gas hydrate reservoirs; deep coalbed methane reservoirs; geothermal reservoirs with artificial intelligence; big data and data mining; digital rock analysis; 2D nuclear magnetic resonance technology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the oil and gas industry develops, certain accidents, including the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill, are bound to occur. A large number of harmful components, such as aromatics, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), etc., enter the surrounding environments and pose a great threat to the ecosystem and human health. Therefore, efficient remediation and treatment methods should be developed to clean the contaminants.

Besides the existing environmental problems in the oil and gas field, as the global awareness of environmental protection increases and the relative regulations and policies become stricter, there is an urgent need to improve the environmental monitoring and control during the drilling and production process and to develop environmentally friendly materials and techniques.

Furthermore, the worldwide agreement on controlling carbon emission stimulates the research and field study in CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and sequestration, and also promotes the study of low-carbon energy resources (such as natural gas hydrates and related issues in sustainable energies, including underground hydrogen storage (UHS), geothermal exploitation, etc.).

This Special Issue focuses on topics including, but not limited to, issues listed above, and we invite authors to submit original and high-quality research and review articles addressing these issues using experimental methods, computational tools, or theoretical analysis.

Dr. Xiaopu Wang
Dr. Yujie Yuan
Dr. Yujing Du
Dr. Bin Pan
Dr. Naser Golsanami
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oil and gas contamination/remediation
  • environmental monitoring and control
  • environmental friendly materials and techniques in oil and gas development
  • environmental issues regarding the exploitation of natural gas hydrates
  • enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
  • microbial enhanced oil recovery
  • CO2 enhanced oil recovery
  • CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS)
  • underground hydrogen storage (UHS)
  • geothermal exploitation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 6681 KiB  
Article
Laboratory-Scale Natural Gas Hydrate Extraction Numerical Simulation Under Phase Transition Effect
by Qiang Fu, Weixin Pang, Mingqiang Chen and Sheng Pang
Energies 2025, 18(3), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030755 - 6 Feb 2025
Viewed by 618
Abstract
Phase transition in gas hydrate reservoirs has a significant effect on the fluid flow dynamic when performing test production, which should be carefully studied. This study systematically investigates the phase transition characteristics of natural gas hydrates during the depressurization extraction process through laboratory-scale [...] Read more.
Phase transition in gas hydrate reservoirs has a significant effect on the fluid flow dynamic when performing test production, which should be carefully studied. This study systematically investigates the phase transition characteristics of natural gas hydrates during the depressurization extraction process through laboratory-scale numerical simulations. First, a laboratory-scale numerical simulation model is established with dimensions of 1 m × 1 m × 1 m. In the simulation, the nanoscale and microscale effect on phase transition is considered. Then, the analysis of how different sediment types and their properties affecting gas production dynamics is presented. The results show that hydrate dissociation and formation are significantly influenced by factors such as the pore scale, salinity, and water content. In particular, montmorillonite had the most significant effect, leading to a 525.25% increase in gas production, while the impact of silty soil was relatively smaller. The increase in salinity inhibited hydrate formation but promoted dissociation, resulting in a significant increase in gas production, especially when the salinity reached to 3.5%, where gas production increased by 590.21%. An increase in water content led to a significant decrease in production. Through monitoring temperature and pressure changes during the extraction process, the different physical fields are analyzed, providing important theoretical support and practical guidance for the efficient extraction of natural gas hydrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Subsurface Energy and Environmental Protection 2024)
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18 pages, 5464 KiB  
Article
Study on Surfactants for the Removal of Water from Deliquification Natural Gas Wells to Enhance Production
by Dorota Kluk, Teresa Steliga, Dariusz Bęben and Piotr Jakubowicz
Energies 2024, 17(23), 5924; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235924 - 26 Nov 2024
Viewed by 738
Abstract
A major problem in natural gas production is the waterlogging of gas wells. This problem occurs at the end of a well’s life when the reservoir pressure becomes low and the gas velocity in the well tubing is no longer sufficient to bring [...] Read more.
A major problem in natural gas production is the waterlogging of gas wells. This problem occurs at the end of a well’s life when the reservoir pressure becomes low and the gas velocity in the well tubing is no longer sufficient to bring the gas-related fluids (water and gas condensate) up to the surface. This causes water to accumulate at the bottom of the gas well, which can seriously reduce or even stop gas production altogether. This paper presents a study of the foaming of reservoir water using foaming sticks with the trade names BioLight 30/380, BioCond 30, BioFoam 30, BioAcid 30/380, and BioCond Plus 30/380. The reservoir waters tested came from near-well separators located at three selected wells that had undergone waterlogging and experienced a decline in natural gas production. They were characterised by varying physical and chemical parameters, especially in terms of mineralisation and oil contaminant content. Laboratory studies on the effect of foaming agents on the effectiveness of foaming and lifting of reservoir water from the well were carried out on a laboratory bench, simulating a natural gas-producing column using surfactant doses in the range of 1.5–5.0 g/m3 and measuring the surface tension of the water, the volume of foam generated as a function of time and the foamed reservoir water. The performance criterion for the choice of surfactant for the test water was its effective lifting in a foam structure from an installation, simulating a waterlogged gas well and minimising the dose of foaming agent introduced into the water. The results obtained from the laboratory tests allowed the selection of effective surfactants in the context of foaming and uplift of reservoir water from wells, where a decline in natural gas production was observed as a result of their waterlogging. In the next stage, well tests were carried out based on laboratory studies to verify their effectiveness under conditions typical for the production site. Tests carried out at natural gas wells showed that the removal of water from the bottom of the well resulted in an increase in natural gas production, ranging from 56.3% to 79.6%. In practice, linking the results of laboratory tests for the type and dosage of foaming agents to the properties of reservoir water and gas production parameters made it possible to identify the types of surfactants and their dosages that improve the production of a given type of natural gas reservoir in an effective manner, resulting in an increase in the degree of depletion of hydrocarbon deposits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Subsurface Energy and Environmental Protection 2024)
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Review

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35 pages, 3075 KiB  
Review
Comprehensive Review of Carbon Capture and Storage Integration in Hydrogen Production: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
by Seyed Mehdi Alizadeh, Yasin Khalili and Mohammad Ahmadi
Energies 2024, 17(21), 5330; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215330 - 26 Oct 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3465 | Correction
Abstract
The growing emphasis on renewable energy highlights hydrogen’s potential as a clean energy carrier. However, traditional hydrogen production methods contribute significantly to carbon emissions. This review examines the integration of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies with hydrogen production processes, focusing on their [...] Read more.
The growing emphasis on renewable energy highlights hydrogen’s potential as a clean energy carrier. However, traditional hydrogen production methods contribute significantly to carbon emissions. This review examines the integration of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies with hydrogen production processes, focusing on their ability to mitigate carbon emissions. It evaluates various hydrogen production techniques, including steam methane reforming, electrolysis, and biomass gasification, and discusses how CCS can enhance environmental sustainability. Key challenges, such as economic, technical, and regulatory obstacles, are analyzed. Case studies and future trends offer insights into the feasibility of CCS–hydrogen integration, providing pathways for reducing greenhouse gases and facilitating a clean energy transition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Subsurface Energy and Environmental Protection 2024)
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