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Voltage/Frequency/Power Quality Monitoring and Control in Smart Grids
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Voltage/Frequency/Power Quality Monitoring and Control in Smart Grids

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2026) | Viewed by 8002

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xuewei Pan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: intelligent hybrid microgrids; electric vehicle power systems (electric drive, conductive/wireless charging systems); renewable energy conversion/distributed generation systems (photovoltaic systems, fuel cell systems, energy storage systems); high-efficiency power electronic topologies; modulation and control technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Liang Liang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
Interests: distributed generation; renewable integration; micro-grid energy system; optimal operation of smart grids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the rapid penetration of grid-connected renewable power sources, electric vehicles, energy storage devices, and smart loads, the power quality of distribution networks and standalone micro-grid systems is emerging as an increasingly critical issue. The power quality of power systems can be classified into transients, short-duration variation, long-duration variation, and waveform distortions. Power quality problems can be presented in the form of harmonics, resonances, unbalances, sags, flickers, voltage/frequency deviations, and so on. These problems deteriorate the reliability and security of the distribution network and standalone microgrid system, especially for critical loads. With the development of information and communication technology, advanced monitoring infrastructures, and integration of a more power-electronics-dominated distributed system, power quality can be better monitored and improved with advanced data processing methods and modern control strategies. The ability to provide a reliable power supply for critical loads in distribution networks and standalone microgrids can also be enhanced. These emerging technologies will impose a critical effect over the dynamic stability analysis, resilience, and power equality enhancement of grid-connected and standalone applications.

This Special Issue will focus on novel power electronic and power system technologies, including control strategies for devices in power-electronics-enabled power systems, control strategies for various kinds of operation resources in power systems, economic evaluation methods for power systems, data processing methods of power system operation data, and so on. Particular topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Frequency/voltage control strategies for EVs, energy storage devices, and smart loads;
  • Data processing methods for the operation data of power systems;
  • Optimal operation and planning models for energy storage devices in power systems;
  • Advanced monitoring and control method for distributed renewable energy;
  • Power quality enhancement in power-electronics-enabled power system;
  • Novel techniques of monitoring and analysis of power quality problem;
  • Control schemes for enhancing power quality;
  • Advanced methods for power quality assessment.

Dr. Xuewei Pan
Dr. Liang Liang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • power quality
  • smart grids
  • power quality enhancement
  • monitoring and control
  • power quality assessment
  • power electronics enabled power system
  • distributed renewable energy

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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28 pages, 9277 KB  
Article
Quasi-Periodic Harmonic Feature Extraction of Power Signals via Improved Scaling-Basis Chirplet Transform
by Yihao Hu and Jiexiao Yu
Energies 2026, 19(9), 2122; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19092122 - 28 Apr 2026
Viewed by 237
Abstract
The increasing randomness of source–load fluctuations and the rapid proliferation of power-electronic devices have introduced wide dynamic ranges, fast time-varying behaviors, and strong stochastic characteristics into power signals, leading to severe measurement deviations in existing metering equipment. Conventional modeling and feature analysis methods [...] Read more.
The increasing randomness of source–load fluctuations and the rapid proliferation of power-electronic devices have introduced wide dynamic ranges, fast time-varying behaviors, and strong stochastic characteristics into power signals, leading to severe measurement deviations in existing metering equipment. Conventional modeling and feature analysis methods based on fixed-frequency steady-state assumptions are inadequate for characterizing such non-stationary behaviors, making the underlying causes of metering deviations difficult to identify. To address this issue, we propose a modeling and dynamic time–frequency feature extraction method for complex non-stationary power signals. First, the operating characteristics of power equipment are analyzed to identify the fundamental non-stationary features of power signals, based on which a quasi-periodic harmonic signal model is established. Then, the scaling-basis chirplet transform is employed to intuitively represent the time–frequency structure, while a ridge detection algorithm is incorporated to quantitatively characterize the time–frequency trajectories and instantaneous amplitude features. Finally, to cope with the limited availability of power signal measurements, a non-stationary component reconstruction method based on cross-correntropy is developed. Experimental results from multiple datasets, including field-measured signals, demonstrate that the proposed method enables effective dynamic monitoring and reconstruction of non-stationary components, offering significant advantages in both time–frequency analysis capabilities and reconstruction accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Voltage/Frequency/Power Quality Monitoring and Control in Smart Grids)
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27 pages, 40625 KB  
Article
Improvement of Power Quality of Grid-Connected EV Charging Station Using Grid-Component Based Harmonic Mitigation Technique
by Anum Mehmood and Fan Yang
Energies 2025, 18(11), 2876; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112876 (registering DOI) - 30 May 2025
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3740 | Correction
Abstract
Conventional approaches for designing distribution grids are often time-consuming and computationally expensive. To minimize power harmonics in a low-voltage network, there is a dire need of in-depth mathematical and technical calculations for each electrical equipment involved in the modeling of a distribution grid. [...] Read more.
Conventional approaches for designing distribution grids are often time-consuming and computationally expensive. To minimize power harmonics in a low-voltage network, there is a dire need of in-depth mathematical and technical calculations for each electrical equipment involved in the modeling of a distribution grid. In this study, a time- and resource-efficient distribution grid model is proposed, which is capable of improving power-quality impact of electric vehicle charging infrastructure. The proposed method uses mathematical equations, field measurement, data from equipment manufacturers, and distribution network operators to develop precise distribution grid model for the integration of bidirectional electric vehicle charging infrastructure. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed model, power-quality analysis of electric vehicle charging stations is conducted in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. As a result, the grid voltage THD has improved to 0.05% while the grid-connected current THD obtained is 0.88%. This signifies that by varying selection of technical parameters of electrical components of a distribution grid, power losses resulting in the form of harmonics can be improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Voltage/Frequency/Power Quality Monitoring and Control in Smart Grids)
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19 pages, 6778 KB  
Article
A Power Decoupling Control Strategy for Multi-Port Bidirectional Grid-Connected IPT Systems
by Xuewei Pan, Peiwen Ma, Zhouchi Cai and Danyang Bao
Energies 2025, 18(10), 2589; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102589 - 16 May 2025
Viewed by 870
Abstract
In the context of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications, single-port bidirectional inductive power transfer (BDIPT) systems have difficulty coping with the growing demand for electric vehicles. This paper proposes a multi-port BDIPT system based on an LCC-LCC compensation network. A multi-phase-shift (MPS) control with more [...] Read more.
In the context of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications, single-port bidirectional inductive power transfer (BDIPT) systems have difficulty coping with the growing demand for electric vehicles. This paper proposes a multi-port BDIPT system based on an LCC-LCC compensation network. A multi-phase-shift (MPS) control with more degrees of freedom is proposed, where the external phase shift angle controls the power transmission direction and the internal phase shift angle controls the transmitted power magnitude. Independent multi-port operation for the multi-port BDIPT system can be achieved. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the LCC-LCC-based multi-port BDIPT system can achieve independent control of the transmission power at each port. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Voltage/Frequency/Power Quality Monitoring and Control in Smart Grids)
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24 pages, 26295 KB  
Article
Design and Implementation of Hybrid GA-PSO-Based Harmonic Mitigation Technique for Modified Packed U-Cell Inverters
by Hasan Iqbal and Arif Sarwat
Energies 2025, 18(1), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010124 - 31 Dec 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1906
Abstract
Multilevel inverters have gained importance in modern power systems during the last few years because of their high power quality with lower THD. Various topologies developed include the packed U-cell inverter and its different modified versions that have emerged as a compact and [...] Read more.
Multilevel inverters have gained importance in modern power systems during the last few years because of their high power quality with lower THD. Various topologies developed include the packed U-cell inverter and its different modified versions that have emerged as a compact and efficient solution to distributed energy systems. Most of the available harmonic mitigation techniques, that is, passive filtering and individual optimization techniques, which include GA and PSO, are susceptible to a variety of shortcomings regarding their inherent complexity and inefficiency; hence, finding an appropriate convergence may be quite hard. This paper proposes a hybrid version of the GA-PSO algorithm that exploits the exploratory strengths of GA and the convergence efficiencies of PSO in determining the optimized switching angles for SHM techniques applied to modified five-level and seven-level PUC inverters. By utilizing the multi-objective optimization method, the approach minimizes THD while keeping voltage and efficiency constraints. Simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, the results were experimentally verified using hardware-in-the-loop testing on OP5700. A large THD reduction in both MPUC7 (11.68%) and MPUC5 (17.61%) was obtained. The proposed hybrid algorithm outperformed the standalone approaches of GA and PSO with respect to robustness and with precise harmonic suppression. Other appealing features are reduced computational complexity and improved waveform quality; hence, the method is highly suitable for both grid-tied and standalone renewable energy applications. This work lays a basis for efficient inverter designs that can adapt well under dynamic load conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Voltage/Frequency/Power Quality Monitoring and Control in Smart Grids)
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1 pages, 125 KB  
Correction
Correction: Mehmood, A.; Yang, F. Improvement of Power Quality of Grid-Connected EV Charging Station Using Grid-Component Based Harmonic Mitigation Technique. Energies 2025, 18, 2876
by Anum Mehmood and Fan Yang
Energies 2026, 19(10), 2330; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19102330 - 13 May 2026
Viewed by 131
Abstract
In the original manuscript [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Voltage/Frequency/Power Quality Monitoring and Control in Smart Grids)
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