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Voltage Stability of Microgrids in Power Systems

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A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Power Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 30876

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Special Issue Editors

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nasser Hosseinzadeh

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Guest Editor

School of Engineering, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Interests: power system stability in the presence of inverter-based renewable energy systems; microgrids and their impacts on power systems; intelligent control for microgrids and power system

Dr. Apel Mahmud

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
Interests: power system modelling; power system stability and control; microgrids (AC, DC, and hybrid AC/DC); grid integration of renewable energy sources (small- and large-scale); transactive energy management and optimization for microgrids; nonlinear control theory and applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Ameen Gargoom

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Guest Editor

Center for Smart Power and Energy Research, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
Interests: modelling and control of renewable energy systems; smart inverters; planning; protection and control of distribution systems

Dr. Asma Aziz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drv., Joondalup, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
Interests: converters; renewable energy systems; frequency regulation; smart grid; microgrid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrical power systems are evolving, with a shift from large-scale centralized generators and one-way power flow to distributed generators and two-way power flows. Microgrids, as decentralized controllable small-scale grids with their own local generators and loads, are playing a key role towards this evolution. The integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the form of microgrids has been significantly increased in many countries around the world due to several technical, economic, and environmental benefits. However, microgrids pose many challenges to the power engineering community, and voltage stability is considered as the most significant one, particularly during transition from grid-connected mode to islanding mode. During such transitions, voltage stability of both the microgrid and the main grid would be of concern.

This Special Issue will focus on investigating the voltage stability problem of microgrids and various new approaches to solve this problem.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include but are not limited to:

Voltage stability issues in islanded and grid-connected microgrids;
Voltage stability indices for microgrids;
Voltage control and stability analysis of microgrids;
The role of smart inverters for microgrid voltage stability;
Modelling and control of energy storage systems to deal with the voltage stability;
Microgrids planning in terms of enhancing voltage stability;
Voltage stability issues in DC microgrids;
Roles of protection systems on voltage stability;
Applications of FACTS devices for voltage stability in microgrids.

This Special Issue solicits original theoretical and practical contributions along with review papers on any relevant area of the voltage stability in microgrids. We would like to cordially invite you for your contribution to this Special Issue.

Dr. Nasser Hosseinzadeh
Dr. Apel Mahmud
Dr. Ameen Gargoom
Dr. Asma Aziz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

voltage stability
microgrids
power system stability
distributed energy resources (DER)
integration of distributed generators
power system security
power system strength
renewable energy

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3717 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Constant Power Load Stabilization in DC Microgrids Using Continuous-Time Model Predictive Control

by Youssef Alidrissi, Radouane Ouladsine, Abdellatif Elmouatamid, Rachid Errouissi and Mohamed Bakhouya

Electronics 2022, 11(9), 1481; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091481 - 05 May 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1846

Abstract

Despite its advantages over its AC counterparts, DC microgrids present a lot of challenges. One of these challenges is the instability issues caused by constant power loads (CPLs). CPLs deteriorate the system’s performance due to their incremental negative impedance characteristics. In this paper, a DC microgrid composed of a PV/battery system feeding a pure CPL was considered. A continuous-time model predictive control combined with a disturbance observer was applied to the DC–DC bidirectional converter. The purpose of the composite controller is to address the nonlinearity of the CPL and to maintain the stability of the system in a large operating region under load and PV generation variations. To show the performance of the system, several tests were performed under PV power and CPL power variations. Simulation results show good performance in terms of transient response, optimal tracking, and stability in a large operating region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Voltage Stability of Microgrids in Power Systems)

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20 pages, 29324 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Control of a Variable-Impedance Fault Current Limiter to Assist Low-Voltage Ride-Through of Doubly Fed Induction Generators

by Jiejie Huang, Shun Sang, Lei Zhang, Xiaocen Xue and Tingting Sun

Electronics 2021, 10(19), 2364; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192364 - 28 Sep 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1294

Abstract

A fault current limiter (FCL) may be applied to assist the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). FCLs with fixed impedance, lack the flexibility to adjust their impedance to adapt to different LVRT scenarios. The direct switch-in and -out of the fixed-impedance FCL yields transient electromagnetic oscillations in the DFIG, which need to be addressed. In this paper, a variable-impedance FCL is implemented at the stator side of the DFIG to assist its LVRT, and a novel methodology is proposed to control the impedance of the FCL, with which the stator current oscillation is effectively constrained and the smooth switch-out of the FCL is realized to avoid continued active power consumption of the FCL and to restore the DFIG to its pre-fault working condition. Analysis of the LVRT transient is carried out, which lays the foundation for the control methodology to determine the impedance of the FCL based on calculation of the optimization goal. The feasibility and effectiveness of the control to the variable-impedance FCL are verified by the numerical analysis results, which compare the LVRT simulation results with the application of the fixed-impedance and the variable-impedance FCLs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Voltage Stability of Microgrids in Power Systems)

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16 pages, 5720 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Agent-Based Coordinated Control of Power Electronic Converters in a Microgrid

by Maryam Nasri, Herbert L. Ginn III and Mehrdad Moallem

Electronics 2021, 10(9), 1031; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091031 - 26 Apr 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2285

Abstract

This paper presents the implementation of an agent-based architecture suitable for the coordination of power electronic converters in stand-alone microgrids. To this end, a publish-subscribe agent architecture was utilized as a distributed microgrid control platform. Over a distributed hash table (DHT) searching overlay, the publish-subscribe architecture was identified based on a numerical analysis as a scalable agent-based technology for the distributed real-time coordination of power converters in microgrids. The developed framework was set up to deploy power-sharing distributed optimization algorithms while keeping a deterministic time period of a few tens of milliseconds for a system with tens of converters and when multiple events might happen concurrently. Several agents participate in supervisory control to regulate optimum power-sharing for the converters. To test the design, a notional shipboard system, including several converters, was used as a case study. Results of implementing the agent-based publish-subscribe control system using the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) are presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Voltage Stability of Microgrids in Power Systems)

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11 pages, 2245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low Voltage Ride Through Controller for a Multi-Machine Power System Using a Unified Interphase Power Controller

by Atoosa Majlesi, Mohammad Reza Miveh, Ali Asghar Ghadimi and Akhtar Kalam

Electronics 2021, 10(5), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050585 - 03 Mar 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2024

Abstract

In recent years, grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power generations have become the most extensively used energy resource among other types of renewable energies. Increasing integration of PV sources into the power network and their dynamic performances under fault conditions is an important issue for grid code requirements. In this paper, a PV source as a unified interphase power controller (UIPC) is used to enhance the low voltage ride through (LVRT) and transient stability of a multi-machine power system. The suggested PV-based UIPC consists of two series voltage inverters and a parallel inverter. The UIPC injects the required active and reactive power to prevent voltage drop under grid fault conditions. Accordingly, a dynamic control system is designed based on proportional-integral (PI) controllers for the PV-based UIPC to operate in both normal and fault conditions. Simulations are done using Matlab/Simulink software, and the performance of the PV-based UIPC is compared with the conventional unified power flow controller (UPFC). The results of this study indicate the more favorable impact of the PV-based UIPC on the system compared to UPFC in improving LVRT capabilities and transient stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Voltage Stability of Microgrids in Power Systems)

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19 pages, 6065 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Switching Frequency FCS-MPC of PMSG for Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion System with Coordinated Low Voltage Ride Through

by Asmaa A. Ghany, E. G. Shehata, Abo-Hashima M. Elsayed, Yahia S. Mohamed, Hassan Haes Alhelou, Pierluigi Siano and Ahmed A. Zaki Diab

Electronics 2021, 10(4), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040492 - 19 Feb 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2733

Abstract

The integration of wind energy systems (WECS) into the power grid through power electronic converters should ensure the high performance of the control system. In spite of several advantages of conventional Finite control set-model predictive controller (FCS-MPC), variable switching frequency and high computational burden are considered its main drawbacks. In this paper, a fast FCS-MPC of a machine side converter (MSC) of direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind turbines for wind energy conversion system is proposed. The wind energy conversion system has been realized using a direct driven PMSG and a full-scale back-to-back power converter. The proposed controller is designed to reduce the required calculations in each horizon. In addition, the performance of conventional FCS-MPC is compared with the proposed method, and an improvement in total harmonic distortion spectra and simulation time required even when imposing a lower sampling frequency was found. To overcome the variable switching frequency problem, a modulation algorithm is introduced in the minimization process of modulated FCS-MPC. To keep the proposed system attached to the utility during a fault, a coordinated pitch angle control and low voltage-ride through (LVRT) algorithm is designed and inserted in the vector control of the grid side converter (GSC) to supply reactive power to the grid during fault for ensuring safe operation of the inverter and meeting the grid code requirements. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is illustrated using simulation results under different operating conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Voltage Stability of Microgrids in Power Systems)

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Review

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27 pages, 4710 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Voltage Stability of Power Systems with Renewable-Energy Inverter-Based Generators: A Review

by Nasser Hosseinzadeh, Asma Aziz, Apel Mahmud, Ameen Gargoom and Mahbub Rabbani

Electronics 2021, 10(2), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020115 - 07 Jan 2021

Cited by 57 | Viewed by 10966

Abstract

The main purpose of developing microgrids (MGs) is to facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the power grid. RESs are normally connected to the grid via power electronic inverters. As various types of RESs are increasingly being connected to the electrical power grid, power systems of the near future will have more inverter-based generators (IBGs) instead of synchronous machines. Since IBGs have significant differences in their characteristics compared to synchronous generators (SGs), particularly concerning their inertia and capability to provide reactive power, their impacts on the system dynamics are different compared to SGs. In particular, system stability analysis will require new approaches. As such, research is currently being conducted on the stability of power systems with the inclusion of IBGs. This review article is intended to be a preface to the Special Issue on Voltage Stability of Microgrids in Power Systems. It presents a comprehensive review of the literature on voltage stability of power systems with a relatively high percentage of IBGs in the generation mix of the system. As the research is developing rapidly in this field, it is understood that by the time that this article is published, and further in the future, there will be many more new developments in this area. Certainly, other articles in this special issue will highlight some other important aspects of the voltage stability of microgrids. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Voltage Stability of Microgrids in Power Systems)

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31 pages, 3390 KiB

Open AccessReview

Rooftop Solar PV Penetration Impacts on Distribution Network and Further Growth Factors—A Comprehensive Review

by Busra Uzum, Ahmet Onen, Hany M. Hasanien and S. M. Muyeen

Electronics 2021, 10(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10010055 - 31 Dec 2020

Cited by 51 | Viewed by 7573

Abstract

In order to meet the electricity needs of domestic or commercial buildings, solar energy is more attractive than other renewable energy sources in terms of its simplicity of installation, less dependence on the field and its economy. It is possible to extract solar energy from photovoltaic (PV) including rooftop, ground-mounted, and building integrated PV systems. Interest in rooftop PV system applications has increased in recent years due to simple installation and not occupying an external area. However, the negative effects of increased PV penetration on the distribution system are troublesome. The power loss, reverse power flow (RPF), voltage fluctuations, voltage unbalance, are causing voltage quality problems in the power network. On the other hand, variations in system frequency, power factor, and harmonics are affecting the power quality. The excessive PV penetration also the root cause of voltage stability and has an adverse effect on protection system. The aim of this article is to extensively examines the impacts of rooftop PV on distribution network and evaluate possible solution methods in terms of the voltage quality, power quality, system protection and system stability. Moreover, it is to present a comparison of the advantages/disadvantages of the solution methods discussed, and an examination of the solution methods in which artificial intelligence, deep learning and machine learning based optimization and techniques are discussed with common methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Voltage Stability of Microgrids in Power Systems)

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