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Electronics
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Innovations in Intelligent Microgrid Operation and Control
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Innovations in Intelligent Microgrid Operation and Control

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Power Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2025 | Viewed by 3726

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zhenxiong Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: inverter control; microgrid; power quality

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into power grids has become imperative in addressing the global energy trilemma of balancing energy security, environmental sustainability, and economic feasibility. Microgrids, capable of operating independently or interconnectedly with the main grid, have emerged as a cornerstone of modern energy systems, enabling the efficient utilization of RESs while ensuring grid resilience and reliability. Intelligent microgrids, empowered by advanced control methods, power and energy management strategies, and machine learning algorithms, promise optimized operation, enhanced fault detection, and high-quality restoration capabilities. This research area is pivotal in the transition toward decentralized, low-carbon energy systems and thereby contributes significantly to achieving global climate goals.

For this Special Issue, titled "Innovations in Intelligent Microgrid Operation and Control", we aspire to compile state-of-the-art research that advances the frontiers of microgrid technology within the broader context of sustainable grid management. By concentrating on novel control strategies, optimization techniques, and the practical implementation of these advancements, we aim to highlight solutions that improve microgrid efficiency, reliability, and flexibility. This focus resonates with the journal's mission to disseminate scholarly knowledge in the realms of electronics science, industrial electronics, power electronics, and systems and control engineering, as well as applications of artificial intelligence in these fields.

For this Special Issue, submissions of original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  1. Advanced Control Systems for RESs and Load Integration: Studies showcasing innovative control strategies enabling the integration of diverse renewable energy resources and loads into microgrids, ensuring a stable power supply. Papers exploring applications of artificial intelligence in microgrid control for enhanced demand–response performance, voltage/frequency regulation, and power-quality management.
  2. Energy Storage Optimization: Research into optimizing the deployment and control of energy storage systems within a microgrid to balance supply and demand, enhance resiliency, and enable the effective use of intermittent renewable generation.
  3. Distributed Control and System-Wide Coordination: The exploration of distributed control methodologies and hierarchical control systems that facilitate the efficient management of microgrid assets, ensuring system stability and optimizing overall performance across different operating scenarios.
  4. Resilience and Cybersecurity: Research emphasizing strategies to enhance microgrid resilience against natural disasters, cyber-attacks, and other disruptions, including the development of secure communication protocols and fault-tolerant control systems.
  5. Microgrid Resilience and Sustainability Analyses:Investigations into design principles and operational mechanisms that bolster microgrid resilience against disruptions, including extreme weather events, while maintaining environmental sustainability through a reduced carbon footprint and efficient resource utilization.
  6. Economic Frameworks and Policy Implications: Analyses of the economic viability, investment strategies, and regulatory frameworks necessary for the widespread adoption of intelligent microgrids, considering their impact on energy markets and societal infrastructure.

Dr. Zhenxiong Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microgrids
  • renewable energy sources (RESs)
  • intelligent microgrid control
  • advanced control methods
  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • voltage/frequency regulation
  • power quality management
  • energy storage

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 7930 KiB  
Article
Autonomous Decentralized Cooperative Control DC Microgrids Realized by Directly Connecting Batteries to the Baseline
by Hirohito Yamada
Electronics 2025, 14(7), 1356; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14071356 - 28 Mar 2025
Viewed by 215
Abstract
Recent years have seen increasing attention paid to autonomous decentralized microgrids that are disaster-resistant and suitable for local consumption of locally generated renewable energy power. Although various methods have been discussed for achieving microgrids through autonomous decentralized cooperative control, there are few reports [...] Read more.
Recent years have seen increasing attention paid to autonomous decentralized microgrids that are disaster-resistant and suitable for local consumption of locally generated renewable energy power. Although various methods have been discussed for achieving microgrids through autonomous decentralized cooperative control, there are few reports that have reached the stage of field testing. In this study, I propose a novel method for configuring the baseline of DC microgrids, where storage batteries are distributed and directly connected to the DC bus. I have built a testbed to demonstrate the operation of the DC microgrid through autonomous decentralized cooperative control. My method simply employs the droop characteristics inherent in batteries, and I introduce the new concept of a ‘weakly coupled grid’. This approach allows the realization of microgrids with autonomous decentralized cooperative control without the need for advanced and complex grid control technologies using DC/DC converters, and with a simple configuration. Additionally, by directly connecting batteries to the baseline, I introduce a grid stabilization method achieved by imparting electrical inertia to the baseline. This paper describes the construction method, the operation principle, and safe and stable operational methods for autonomous decentralized microgrids using this approach, aiming to serve as a guide for those who wish to build autonomous decentralized controlled microgrids in practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Intelligent Microgrid Operation and Control)
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21 pages, 5976 KiB  
Article
Human-Centric Microgrid Optimization: A Two-Time-Scale Framework Integrating Consumer Behavior
by Ke Zeng, Hanqing Yang, Tieshan Li and Yue Long
Electronics 2025, 14(4), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14040808 - 19 Feb 2025
Viewed by 383
Abstract
This paper presents a two-time-scale human-centric microgrid optimization framework, developed based on singular perturbation theory. First, a comprehensive model is constructed, integrating the electrical characteristics of microgrid components with the evolutionary dynamics of consumer behavior. Subsequently, the system is decomposed into distinct fast [...] Read more.
This paper presents a two-time-scale human-centric microgrid optimization framework, developed based on singular perturbation theory. First, a comprehensive model is constructed, integrating the electrical characteristics of microgrid components with the evolutionary dynamics of consumer behavior. Subsequently, the system is decomposed into distinct fast and slow time scales using singular perturbation theory, enabling the effective separation of rapid electrical responses from the slower motivational dynamics of consumer behavior. Tailored optimal control strategies are then formulated for each time scale to ensure the rapid stabilization of fast system dynamics in response to transient disturbances and the gradual optimization of slow system dynamics under steady-state conditions. Finally, the proposed approach is validated through preliminary numerical simulations, which demonstrate its potential effectiveness in maintaining microgrid stability under transient conditions, facilitating behavioral adaptation, and improving operational efficiency of the microgrid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Intelligent Microgrid Operation and Control)
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18 pages, 4004 KiB  
Article
Research on Bus Voltage Stability Control Technology of the DC Microgrid Based on the Disturbance Estimation Feedforward Compensation Strategy
by Huiting Qiao, Hongyan Xin, Kaiman Li and Zeyuan Yu
Electronics 2025, 14(4), 741; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14040741 - 13 Feb 2025
Viewed by 572
Abstract
This paper proposes a control method for the voltage stability of DC microgrid buses based on a disturbance estimation feedforward compensation strategy, aiming to enhance the dynamic response characteristics of the system. A nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to estimate the load current, [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a control method for the voltage stability of DC microgrid buses based on a disturbance estimation feedforward compensation strategy, aiming to enhance the dynamic response characteristics of the system. A nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to estimate the load current, and the estimated value is applied to the control loop through the feedforward compensation strategy, effectively mitigating the impact of load disturbances on voltage. To simplify the complex dynamic characteristics of the nonlinear observer, a linear equivalent method is employed. This strategy significantly improves the dynamic regulation performance of the DC bus voltage, ensuring system stability and control accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Intelligent Microgrid Operation and Control)
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26 pages, 9013 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Multi-Virtual Synchronous Generator Systems Considering Line Impedance in Multi-Node Microgrid
by Wei Xie, Liangzi Li, Weihao Kong, Zheng Peng, Xiaogang Li, Dandan Jiao, Chenyi Xu and Zebin Yang
Electronics 2024, 13(23), 4649; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13234649 - 25 Nov 2024
Viewed by 692
Abstract
With the increasing integration of distributed energy resources into modern power systems, virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) have been a promising approach to imitate the inertial response of synchronous generators, thereby enhancing microgrid stability in a dynamic state. When many VSGs are integrated into [...] Read more.
With the increasing integration of distributed energy resources into modern power systems, virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) have been a promising approach to imitate the inertial response of synchronous generators, thereby enhancing microgrid stability in a dynamic state. When many VSGs are integrated into microgrids, the dynamic characteristics of the system become increasingly complex. Current studies typically assume that different VSGs are connected to a common coupling point, focusing on analyzing the interaction characteristics, which may overlook the widely distributed line impedances in microgrids with distance between different facilities. This may lead to incomplete understanding of the interaction dynamics when VSGs are distributed over long feeder lines. Therefore, this paper proposes and investigates a multi-node, multi-VSG model incorporating line impedances among different nodes, establishing transfer function models for multi-node load disturbances and the frequency responses of individual VSGs. The study explores the dynamic response characteristics of VSGs under varying parameter influences and proposes principles for designing VSG port impedance and inertia parameters to optimize system dynamic frequency characteristics. The findings, validated through simulations in PSCAD v46, provide insights for enhancing the flexibility and reliability of grids incorporating VSGs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Intelligent Microgrid Operation and Control)
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20 pages, 4977 KiB  
Article
Simulation-Based Hybrid Energy Storage Composite-Target Planning with Power Quality Improvements for Integrated Energy Systems in Large-Building Microgrids
by Chunguang He, Xiaolin Tan, Zixuan Liu, Jiakun An, Xuejun Li, Gengfeng Li and Runfan Zhang
Electronics 2024, 13(19), 3844; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13193844 - 28 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1445
Abstract
In this paper, we present an optimization planning method for enhancing power quality in integrated energy systems in large-building microgrids by adjusting the sizing and deployment of hybrid energy storage systems. These integrated energy systems incorporate wind and solar power, natural gas supply, [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present an optimization planning method for enhancing power quality in integrated energy systems in large-building microgrids by adjusting the sizing and deployment of hybrid energy storage systems. These integrated energy systems incorporate wind and solar power, natural gas supply, and interactions with electric vehicles and the main power grid. In the optimization planning method developed, the objectives of cost-effective and low-carbon operation, the lifecycle cost of hybrid energy storage, power quality improvements, and renewable energy utilization are targeted and coordinated by using utility fusion theory. Our planning method addresses multiple energy forms—cooling, heating, electricity, natural gas, and renewable energies—which are integrated through a combined cooling, heating, and power system and a natural gas turbine. The hybrid energy storage system incorporates batteries and compressed-air energy storage systems to handle fast and slow variations in power demand, respectively. A sensitivity matrix between the output power of the energy sources and the voltage is modeled by using the power flow method in DistFlow, reflecting the improvements in power quality and the respective constraints. The method proposed is validated by simulating various typical scenarios on the modified IEEE 13-node distribution network topology. The novelty of this paper lies in its focus on the application of integrated energy systems within large buildings and its approach to hybrid energy storage system planning in multiple dimensions, including making co-location and capacity sizing decisions. Other innovative aspects include the coordination of hybrid energy storage combinations, simultaneous siting and sizing decisions, lifecycle cost calculations, and optimization for power quality enhancement. As part of these design considerations, microgrid-related technologies are integrated with cutting-edge nearly zero-energy building designs, representing a pioneering attempt within this field. Our results indicate that this multi-objective, multi-dimensional, utility fusion-based optimization method for hybrid energy storage significantly enhances the economic efficiency and quality of the operation of integrated energy systems in large-building microgrids in building-level energy distribution planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Intelligent Microgrid Operation and Control)
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