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Towards Intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Networks".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2027 | Viewed by 1732

Editors


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Guest Editor
School of IT & Engineering, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Interests: wireless networks; enterprise and cloud networks; GenAI; 5G/6G
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of IT & Engineering, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Interests: distributed computing; cloud computing; wireless networking; data analytics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advances in artificial intelligence, edge computing and next-generation wireless technologies are fundamentally reshaping the design and operation of wireless sensor networks, evolving into intelligent, adaptive and autonomous systems. Please define the scope and purpose of the Special Issue and This Special Issue focuses on the conventional wireless sensor networks and their transition into intelligent wireless sensor networks, where intelligence is embedded across sensing, communication, networking and data processing layers. By integrating machine learning, distributed intelligence, edge/fog computing and adaptive communication protocols, intelligent wireless sensor networks can achieve improved scalability, energy efficiency, reliability and contextual awareness in dynamic and resource-constrained environments. Topics of interest (inclusive of but not limited to):

  • Wireless Sensor Networks
  • IoT
  • Industrial IoT
  • Multidimensional Scheduling
  • Context-Aware and Adaptive Sensing Systems
  • Security, Privacy and Trust in Intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Machine Learning and AI for Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Edge and Fog Intelligence in Sensor Networks
  • Energy-Efficient and Self-Optimizing Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Applications and Real-World Deployments of Intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks

Dr. Samar Shailendra
Dr. Rajan Kadel
Dr. Urvashi Rahul Saxena
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • wireless sensor networks
  • IoT
  • IIoT
  • intelligent WSNs

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 992 KB  
Article
Group Rekeying Scheme of Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Network Using Bivariable Polynomial
by Nan-I Wu, Yung-Chih Lu and Min-Shiang Hwang
Electronics 2026, 15(14), 3198; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15143198 - 21 Jul 2026
Viewed by 291
Abstract
Group rekeying mechanisms are crucial when a compromised sensor is detected by a network monitor. During the eviction of the compromised node, the security of legitimate sensors must be guaranteed against potential attacks. Furthermore, hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) generally outperform flat WSNs [...] Read more.
Group rekeying mechanisms are crucial when a compromised sensor is detected by a network monitor. During the eviction of the compromised node, the security of legitimate sensors must be guaranteed against potential attacks. Furthermore, hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) generally outperform flat WSNs in efficiency, as they are better suited for data fusion. However, the vast majority of existing schemes are impractical for WSNs due to excessive energy consumption. To address this challenge, we propose a group polynomial refresh mechanism executed directly by the Cluster Head (CH) without requiring additional processes. This allows non-compromised sensors within the CH’s transmission range to seamlessly update their group keys. By leveraging a shorter transmission range, energy consumption is kept well within an acceptable threshold. Our evaluation demonstrates that the subgroup concept significantly reduces energy overhead, and our proposed scheme outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in overall performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards Intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks)
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34 pages, 6171 KB  
Article
Galvanic Cell Enables Copper Reuse and Energy Harvesting for Sustainable Plant Micronutrient Delivery with Potential Wireless Sensor Network Applications
by Ali Ahmad, Miguel Zaragoza-Esquerdo, Francisco Javier Diaz, Sandra Sendra and Jaime Lloret
Electronics 2026, 15(14), 2992; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15142992 - 8 Jul 2026
Viewed by 427
Abstract
Recent advances in circular economy strategies have accelerated the development of low-cost electrochemical systems for energy harvesting, and resource reutilization in intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This study proposes a zinc–copper (Zn–Cu) galvanic cell platform for copper reuse and evaluates the residual solution [...] Read more.
Recent advances in circular economy strategies have accelerated the development of low-cost electrochemical systems for energy harvesting, and resource reutilization in intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This study proposes a zinc–copper (Zn–Cu) galvanic cell platform for copper reuse and evaluates the residual solution as a potential sustainable plant micronutrient source within a conceptual framework for edge-enabled precision agriculture. A five-cell Zn–Cu galvanic assembly was electrochemically characterized, producing a cumulative open-circuit voltage of 5.286 V (~1.10 V per cell), consistent with theoretical redox behavior. The system (180.6 g total mass) exhibited a specific power and specific energy of 0.0114 W kg−1 and 0.0114 Wh kg−1, respectively, indicating its potential as a low-power energy source for future WSN and edge-computing applications. The residual copper solution was diluted and applied to Rosmarinus officinalis at graded concentrations. Image-based phenotyping revealed a concentration-dependent response, with the 50 mg L−1 treatment producing the strongest improvement in vegetation indices, including excess green index, vegetative index difference, normalized green-red difference index, triangular greenness index, and color index of vegetation extraction. Multivariate analysis confirmed clear treatment separation driven primarily by spectral traits. Overall, the results demonstrate that the residual copper-containing electrolyte solution left after galvanic cell operation might serve as a potential micronutrient source, while highlighting the prospective integration of galvanic energy harvesting into future intelligent WSN-based precision agriculture systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards Intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks)
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18 pages, 2634 KB  
Article
An Intelligent Wireless Sensor Network for Real-Time Kimchi Fermentation Monitoring and Early Abnormality Detection
by Jihyun Byun, Jooho Lee, Seongju Woo and Sangoh Kim
Electronics 2026, 15(12), 2717; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15122717 - 19 Jun 2026
Viewed by 439
Abstract
Kimchi fermentation involves dynamic physicochemical and microbial changes; however, conventional monitoring methods are generally dependent on intermittent measurements, resulting in limitations in the real-time detection of abnormal fermentation. In this study, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based Fermentation Monitoring System (WFMS) and a Long [...] Read more.
Kimchi fermentation involves dynamic physicochemical and microbial changes; however, conventional monitoring methods are generally dependent on intermittent measurements, resulting in limitations in the real-time detection of abnormal fermentation. In this study, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based Fermentation Monitoring System (WFMS) and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based Anomaly Detection System (LADS) were developed to continuously monitor internal pressure changes during kimchi fermentation. Kimchi samples were prepared under normal fermentation conditions (CON) and glucose-added conditions (GLU-6). Pressure data were collected at 10 min intervals using 15 psi and 30 psi pressure sensors connected to an Arduino Nano 33 IoT board and were transmitted to the ThingSpeak platform. During the fermentation period, pressure data were collected stably, while the external temperature was maintained at approximately 25 °C. Both CON and GLU-6 samples exhibited a rapid increase in internal pressure during the early fermentation stage, followed by a gradual decrease. However, relatively larger pressure fluctuations were observed in the middle and late fermentation stages of the GLU-6 samples. An LSTM autoencoder model trained using CON data established a reconstruction error-based threshold of 0.0025 and successfully detected anomalies in the GLU-6 samples. Anomalies were mainly identified during the initial fermentation stage and between fermentation days 2 and 4. These results demonstrate that pressure-based real-time monitoring combined with LSTM autoencoder analysis can be effectively applied for the non-destructive tracking of kimchi fermentation and the early detection of abnormal fermentation patterns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards Intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks)
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