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Optical Communications and RF Technologies in Sensor Networks and Multimedia Applications

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A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Optoelectronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 7063

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Erich Leitgeb

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Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Information Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 12/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: optical wireless technologies for broadband communications
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Prof. Dr. Andrej Kos

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Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: big data analysis

Prof. Dr. Mariusz Głąbowski

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Institute of Communication and Computer Networks, Faculty of Computing and Telecommunications, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Polanka 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Interests: tele-traffic; performance evaluation; communications networks; switching and routing; traffic control; elastic optical switching networks
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Dr. Maciej Sobieraj

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Institute of Communication and Computer Networks, Faculty of Computing and Telecommunications, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Polanka 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
Interests: technical informatics and telecommunications

Dr. Hristo Danchov Ivanov

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Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 12 Inffeldgasse, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: computer science

Dr. Wilfried Gappmair

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Institute of Communication Networks and Satellite Communications, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: satellite communications; optical wireless communications; parameter estimation; channel coding
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Dr. Franz Teschl

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Institute of Communication Networks and Satellite Communications, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: tropospheric wave propagation; satellite communications; opportunistic remote sensing

Dr. Reinhard Teschl

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Institute of Communication Networks and Satellite Communications, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: wave filter; 3D-printed; ultra-wideband antenna

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled “Optical Communications and RF Technologies in Sensor Networks and Multimedia Applications”, is dedicated to original articles and extended versions of papers published in the context of the “4th International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)”.

Comparing radio frequency (RF) with optical wireless communication (OWC) techniques, the benefits of the latter are well-known: no regulatory and license issues, rather inexpensive and easy to deploy, extremely high throughput, and no problems with data security, just to mention the most significant aspects in this respect. Meanwhile, optical wireless solutions (as a supplement to optical and RF communications) are well-established for terrestrial and satellite channels. For both kinds of system, RF and OWC, this Special Issue provides a forum to discuss the latest results in terms of research and application, bridging the gap between theory and practice. Problems related to power and spectrum efficiency, flexibility and adaptability to different propagation conditions, broadband requirements and regulatory implications, mobile services, fading and interference mitigation techniques, as well as complexity and feasibility issues, but also cross-layer protocol and standardization problems, might be considered.

Topics may include, but are not limited to the following:

Modeling of indoor and outdoor channels;
Advanced modulation, synchronization, and coding schemes;
Innovative fading and interference mitigation methods;
MIMO and OFDM techniques;
Standards and protocols;
Regulatory issues;
Machine learning and artificial intelligence.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Erich Leitgeb
Prof. Dr. Andrej Kos
Prof. Dr. Mariusz Głąbowski
Dr. Maciej Sobieraj
Dr. Hristo Danchov Ivanov
Dr. Wilfried Gappmair
Dr. Franz Teschl
Dr. Reinhard Teschl
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

optical communications and optical wireless communications (OWC)
RF techniques for terrestrial and satellite networks
advanced signal processing algorithms for RF and OWC solutions

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 6418 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phase-Noise Characterization in Stable Optical Frequency Transfer over Free Space and Fiber Link Testbeds

by Peter Barcik, Jan Hrabina, Martin Cizek, Zdenek Kolka, Petr Skryja, Lenka Pravdova, Ondrej Cip, Lucie Hudcova, Ondrej Havlis and Josef Vojtech

Electronics 2023, 12(23), 4870; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12234870 - 2 Dec 2023

Viewed by 900

Abstract

Time and frequency metrology depends on stable oscillators in both radio-frequency and optical domains. With the increased complexity of the highly precise oscillators also came the demand for delivering the oscillators’ harmonic signals between delocalized sites for comparison, aggregation, or other purposes. Besides the traditional optical fiber networks, free-space optical links present an alternative tool for disseminating stable sources’ output. We present a pilot experiment of phase-coherent optical frequency transfer using a free-space optical link testbed. The experiment performed on a 30 m long link demonstrates the phase-noise parameters in a free-space optical channel under atmospheric turbulence conditions, and it studies the impact of active MEMS mirror stabilization of the received optical wave positioning on the resulting transfer’s performance. Our results indicate that a well-configured MEMS mirror beam stabilization significantly enhances fractional frequency stability, achieving the−14th-order level for integration times over 30 s. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Communications and RF Technologies in Sensor Networks and Multimedia Applications)

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19 pages, 2554 KiB

Open AccessArticle

AI-Enabled Framework for Mobile Network Experimentation Leveraging ChatGPT: Case Study of Channel Capacity Calculation for η-µ Fading and Co-Channel Interference

by Dragana Krstic, Nenad Petrovic, Suad Suljovic and Issam Al-Azzoni

Electronics 2023, 12(19), 4088; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194088 - 29 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1304

Abstract

Artificial intelligence has been identified as one of the main driving forces of innovation in state-of-the-art mobile and wireless networks. It has enabled many novel usage scenarios, relying on predictive models for increasing network management efficiency. However, its adoption requires additional efforts, such as mastering the terminology, tools, and newly required steps of data importing and preparation, all of which increase the time required for experimentation. Therefore, we aimed to automate the manual steps as much as possible while reducing the overall cognitive load. In this paper, we explore the potential use of a novel Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) conversational agent together with a model-driven approach relying on the Neo4j graph database in order to aid experimentation and analytics in the case of wireless network planning. As a case study, we present a derivation of the expression for the channel capacity (CC) metric in the case of η-µ multipath fading and η-µ co-channel interference. Moreover, the derived expression is leveraged for quality of service (QoS) estimation within the software simulation environment. ChatGPT, in synergy with a model-driven approach, is used to automate several steps: data importing, generation of graph construction, and machine learning-related Neo4j queries. According to the achieved outcomes, the proposed QoS estimation method, based on the derived CC expression (with precision up to the fifth significant digit), demonstrates satisfactory accuracy (up to 98%) and faster training than the deep neural network-based solution. On the other hand, compared to the manual approach based on our previous work, ChatGPT-based code generation reduces the time required for experimentation by more than 4 times. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Communications and RF Technologies in Sensor Networks and Multimedia Applications)

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26 pages, 4824 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Service Function Chaining to Support Ultra-Low Latency Communication in NFV

by Mohammad Mohammadi Erbati, Mohammad Mahdi Tajiki and Gregor Schiele

Electronics 2023, 12(18), 3843; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12183843 - 11 Sep 2023

Viewed by 760

Abstract

Network function virtualization (NFV) has the potential to fundamentally transform conventional network architecture through the decoupling of software from dedicated hardware. The convergence of virtualization and cloud computing technologies has revolutionized the networking landscape, offering a wide range of advantages, including improved flexibility, manageability, and scalability. The importance of network capability in enabling ultra-low latency applications has been greatly amplified in the current era due to the increased demand for emerging services such as autonomous driving, teleoperated driving, virtual reality, and remote surgery. This paper presents a novel and efficient methodology for service function chaining (SFC) in an NFV-enabled network that aims to minimize latency and optimize the utilization of physical network resources, with a specific focus on ultra-low latency applications. In our proposed methodology, we offer flow prioritization and an adjustable priority coefficient factor (µ) to reserve a portion of physical network resources exclusively for ultra-low latency applications in order to optimize the deployment paths of these applications further. We formulate the SFC deployment problem as an integer linear programming (ILP) optimization model. Furthermore, we propose a set of heuristic algorithms that yield near-optimal solutions with minimal optimality gaps and execution times, making them practical for large-scale network topologies. Performance evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methodology in enabling ultra-low latency applications in an NFV-enabled network. Compared to existing algorithms, our proposed methodology achieves notable enhancements in terms of the end-to-end delay (up to 22 percent), bandwidth utilization (up to 28 percent), and SFC acceptance rate (up to 13 percent). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Communications and RF Technologies in Sensor Networks and Multimedia Applications)

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26 pages, 6001 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Designing and Evaluating a Flexible and Scalable HTTP Honeypot Platform: Architecture, Implementation, and Applications

by Matej Rabzelj, Leon Štefanić Južnič, Mojca Volk, Andrej Kos, Matej Kren and Urban Sedlar

Electronics 2023, 12(16), 3480; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12163480 - 17 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1565

Abstract

Digitalization of our economy and society has ushered in notable productivity increases but has also exposed more of our infrastructures and systems to cyberattacks. This trend is exacerbated by the proliferation of poorly designed Internet of Things (IoT) devices and cloud services, which often lack appropriate security measures, either due to bugs or configuration mistakes. In this article, we propose, validate, and critically evaluate a flexible honeypot system based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that can mimic any HTTP-based service and application. This covers a large share of IoT devices, including black box devices with no software or firmware available for emulation, as well as cloud- and web-based services. We validate the system by implementing 14 services and by running a 4-month experiment, collecting data from attackers. We propose a novel data enrichment mechanism for identifying internet scanning services, as well as several other data collection and enrichment approaches. Finally, we present some results and visualizations of the data collection experiment, demonstrating possible applications and future use cases, as well as potential drawbacks of such systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Communications and RF Technologies in Sensor Networks and Multimedia Applications)

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14 pages, 558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Analytical Model of a Queuing System with a Finite-Compression Mechanism in Relation to Real Service Disciplines

by Sławomir Hanczewski and Joanna Weissenberg

Electronics 2023, 12(15), 3343; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12153343 - 4 Aug 2023

Viewed by 561

Abstract

The article presents the findings of a study that evaluates the feasibility of using an analytical model for a multi-service queuing system with a SDFIFO queuing service discipline and finite compression mechanism to approximate queuing systems with different queuing service disciplines (e.g., FIFO, cFIFO) while also incorporating finite compression. The evaluation involves comparing results obtained from an analytical model with those of simulation studies. The study considers the blocking probability and average queue length as factors. Additionally, two types of compressed traffic were analysed: elastic and adaptive. These are characteristic of modern telecommunications networks, particularly in multimedia applications. This paper is an extended version of our paper published in 4th CoBCom 2022. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Communications and RF Technologies in Sensor Networks and Multimedia Applications)

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12 pages, 1816 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dual-Filter Architecture for Blind Feedback Recovery of the Symbol Timing in Bandlimited Optical Intensity Channels

by Wilfried Gappmair and Harald Schlemmer

Electronics 2023, 12(6), 1411; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12061411 - 16 Mar 2023

Viewed by 973

Abstract

Reliable recovery of transmission parameters is of paramount importance not only for radio frequency receivers, but also for optical wireless communication solutions. This paper discusses a feedback algorithm for recovering the symbol timing in the context of a bandlimited optical intensity link. The link is determined by a PAM scheme and pulse shaping with squared raised cosine or double jump functions. When preambles or pilot sequences are not available to the receiver, non-data-aided (blind) recovery concepts are useful for tracking smaller variations of the timing error affecting the payload data. The current state-of-the-art solution uses a Gardner detector with two samples per symbol, although this introduces a non-negligible amount of inter-symbol interference resulting in an error floor. To avoid this drawback, the authors propose a dual-filter approach which includes an appropriately designed filter operated in parallel to the receiver filter. Despite the additional complexity of the dual-filter architecture, the recovery loop is very simple and requires only one sample per symbol, representing the lowest degree of complexity in this respect. Open-loop characteristic, jitter performance, and acquisition behavior of the suggested recovery loop are investigated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Communications and RF Technologies in Sensor Networks and Multimedia Applications)

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