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Diagnostics
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Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis
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Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 7555

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Carmen de Mendoza

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pharmaceutical & Health Science Department, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
Interests: human retroviruses (HIV-1, HIV-2 & HTLV); viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV, and HDV); resistance to antiretrovirals; molecular epidemiology for HTLV-1, HIV-2 subtypes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral hepatitis causes liver disease and a range of health problems that can be fatal. There are five main strains, A to E, which differ in geographical distribution, epidemiology, severity of disease, diagnosis, and treatment. An estimated 325 million people worldwide live with hepatitis B and/or C, and for most, testing and treatment remains beyond reach. WHO launched a program for viral hepatitis elimination in 2030. However, many issues should be investigated and solved before we have any chance of reducing the number of worldwide viral hepatitis infections as well as their associated mortality. Among them, we could prioritize the following topics:

- Hepatitis E (diagnosis and epidemiology)

- Hepatitis D (diagnosis, therapeutics, and epidemiology)

- Ocult hepatitis B (OBI)

- Hepatitis B ccDNA: Measurements and therapeutics

- Viral hepatitis in blood banks

- Viral hepatitis and organ transplantation

- Viral hepatitis and injection drug use

- Viral hepatitis and HIV

- Viral hepatitis as sexually transmitted infections

- Viral hepatitis elimination

Prof. Dr. Carmen de Mendoza
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 1440 KiB  
Article
Detection of S-HBsAg Mutations in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies
by Maria V. Konopleva, Maxim S. Belenikin, Andrei V. Shanko, Alexey I. Bazhenov, Sergei A. Kiryanov, Tatyana A. Tupoleva, Maria V. Sokolova, Alexander V. Pronin, Tatyana A. Semenenko and Anatoly P. Suslov
Diagnostics 2021, 11(6), 969; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060969 - 27 May 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3245
Abstract
Multiple studies of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genetic variability and its relationship with the disease pathogenesis are currently ongoing, stemming from growing evidence of the clinical significance of HBV mutations. It is becoming increasingly evident that patients with hematologic malignancies may be particularly [...] Read more.
Multiple studies of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genetic variability and its relationship with the disease pathogenesis are currently ongoing, stemming from growing evidence of the clinical significance of HBV mutations. It is becoming increasingly evident that patients with hematologic malignancies may be particularly prone to a higher frequency of such mutations. The present report is the first extensive study of the prevalence of escape mutations in S-HBsAg, performed using isolates from 59 patients from hospital hematology departments with diagnoses of leukemia (n = 32), lymphoma (n = 20), multiple myeloma (n = 3), and non-tumor blood diseases (n = 4). The isolates were serologically examined for the presence of HBV markers and sequenced using either next-generation sequencing (NGS) or Sanger sequencing. Occult hepatitis B was found in 5.1% of cases. Genetic analysis of the region corresponding to S-HBsAg demonstrated an exceptionally high mutation frequency in patients with leukemias (93.4%) and lymphomas (85.0%), along with the prominent mutation heterogeneity. Additionally, more than 15 mutations in one sample were found in patients with leukemias (6.3% of cases) and lymphomas (5.0% of cases). Most of the mutations were clinically significant. The study analyzes the mutation profile of HBV in different oncohematological diseases and the frequency of individual mutations. The data strongly suggest that the NGS method, capable of detecting minor populations of HBV mutations, provides a diagnostic advantage, lays the foundation for the development of screening methods, and allows for the study of the virological and pathogenetic aspects of hepatitis B. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis)
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Review

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14 pages, 2298 KiB  
Review
Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen as Surrogate Biomarker of Intrahepatic Hepatitis B Virus Covalently-Closed-Circular DNA in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Meta-Analysis
by Gian Paolo Caviglia, Angelo Armandi, Chiara Rosso, Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone, Rinaldo Pellicano and Sharmila Fagoonee
Diagnostics 2021, 11(2), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020187 - 28 Jan 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3518
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently-closed-circular (ccc)DNA is the key molecule responsible for viral persistence within infected hepatocytes. The evaluation of HBV cccDNA is crucial for the management of patients with chronic HBV infection and for the personalization of treatment. However, the need for [...] Read more.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently-closed-circular (ccc)DNA is the key molecule responsible for viral persistence within infected hepatocytes. The evaluation of HBV cccDNA is crucial for the management of patients with chronic HBV infection and for the personalization of treatment. However, the need for liver biopsy is the principal obstacle for the assessment of intrahepatic HBV cccDNA. In the last decade, several studies have investigated the performance of hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) as a surrogate of HBV cccDNA amount in the liver. In this meta-analysis, we collected 14 studies (1271 patients) investigating the correlation between serum HBcrAg and intrahepatic HBV cccDNA. Serum HBcrAg showed a high correlation with intrahepatic HBV cccDNA (r = 0.641, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.510–0.743, p < 0.001). In a head-to-head comparison, we observed that the performance of HBcrAg was significantly superior to that of hepatitis B surface antigen (r = 0.665 vs. r = 0.475, respectively, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the correlation between HBcrAg and intrahepatic HBV cccDNA was high, both in hepatitis B e antigen-positive and -negative patients (r = 0.678, 95% CI 0.403–0.840, p < 0.001, and r = 0.578, 95% CI 0.344–0.744, p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the measurement of serum HBcrAg qualifies as a reliable non-invasive surrogate for the assessment of an intrahepatic HBV cccDNA reservoir. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis)
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