Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418).
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2015) | Viewed by 70881
Special Issue Editor
Interests: interventional oncology; interventional MRI
Special Issue Information
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and currently the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In previous periods, diagnosis of HCC was usually made at advanced stages of the disease. In recent decades, screening of patients with cirrhotic liver together with modern imaging modalities have increasingly improved the diagnostic of small sub-clinical HCC giving the benefit of curative treatment strategies. Ultrasonography is the recommended tool for surveillance of cirrhotic patients as well as for follow-up imaging in patients with nodules up to 1 cm, but cannot be recommended as the sole diagnostic imaging technique for tumors larger than 1 cm in size. Due to the large number of false negatives after biopsy of HCC up to 2 cm, other imaging modalities are necessary. HCC presenting at contrast enhanced computer tomography (CECT) and dynamic magnet resonance imaging (MRI) reveals a specific imaging pattern with enhancement at arterial phase, followed by a wash-out at more delayed phases. Furthermore, CT or MRI is needed for staging of patients with diagnosed HCC. In atypical lesions, biopsy should be performed, although biopsy results are inconsistent with up to 30% due to false-negative results, mostly due to sampling errors.
Early diagnosis and best treatment strategies are the sole option for a long-term survival of patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC.
Prof. Dr. Philippe L. Pereira
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- HCC
- epidemiology
- surveillance – cirrhotic liver
- pathology – HCC
- ultrasonography
- contrast-enhanced ultrasonography
- biopsy – HCC
- computer tomography
- magnet resonance imaging
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