Advances in Cancer Pathology and Diagnosis, Second Edition

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 837

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Catania, Italy
Interests: gastrointestinal tumors; endocrine tumors; urological tumors; breast tumors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the advent of personalized treatment in oncology, histopathology has become even more central to the diagnostic process in oncological patients. A correct and exhaustive diagnosis, not only in terms of the histological classification of tumors but also in the field of biomarker assessment, now represents the cornerstone of correct treatment planning in oncology.

In addition, the widespread use of molecular classification in tumors means that pathologists can now access a more detailed diagnosis, to help oncologists select the best treatment options.

Furthermore, the addition of modern techniques, including digital pathology and AI applications, is currently re-shaping workflows in pathology labs, in combination with classical pathology instruments such as morphology and immunohistochemistry.

In this Special Issue, we would like to focus on new methods for the classification of tumors, predictive biomarker evaluation in tumors (mainly using immunohistochemistry but also using NGS or RT-PCR), and applications of digital pathology and AI in cancer diagnosis. Interesting and informative case reports are also welcome.

Dr. Lorenzo Memeo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • histopathology
  • histological classification
  • cancer biomarkers
  • digital pathology
  • AI applications
  • next-generation sequencing
  • real-time PCR

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

17 pages, 1271 KB  
Review
Biomarkers of Treatment Response in Paediatric Medulloblastoma
by Mirgul Bayanova, Timur Saliev, Askhat Zhakupov, Aizhan Abdikadirova, Malika Sapargaliyeva, Bakytkali Ibraimov and Aidos Bolatov
Diagnostics 2026, 16(7), 1089; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16071089 - 3 Apr 2026
Viewed by 465
Abstract
Paediatric medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumour in children, exhibiting substantial biological heterogeneity that drives variable treatment outcomes. Despite advances in multimodal therapy, treatment-related morbidity remains a critical concern, underscoring the need for biomarkers to guide precision therapy. This review synthesises [...] Read more.
Paediatric medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumour in children, exhibiting substantial biological heterogeneity that drives variable treatment outcomes. Despite advances in multimodal therapy, treatment-related morbidity remains a critical concern, underscoring the need for biomarkers to guide precision therapy. This review synthesises current knowledge on biomarkers of treatment response, encompassing molecular, epigenetic, transcriptomic, protein, and imaging-based markers. WNT-activated tumours show excellent prognosis and are candidates for therapy de-escalation; SHH-driven tumours demonstrate age-dependent outcomes influenced by TP53 status; Group 3 tumours carry the poorest prognosis; and Group 4 tumours display highly variable outcomes. DNA methylation profiles, transcriptional programs, and non-coding RNAs provide additional predictive insights. Protein biomarkers and advanced imaging, including liquid biopsy and radiomics, offer minimally invasive approaches for real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy. The review also addresses challenges such as intra-tumour heterogeneity, limited tissue availability, technical variability, and ethical considerations in paediatric oncology. Finally, we explore future directions, highlighting integrative, longitudinal, and ethically grounded biomarker strategies that have the potential to optimise therapy, minimise long-term toxicity, and improve both survival and quality of life for children with medulloblastoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cancer Pathology and Diagnosis, Second Edition)
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