Digital Innovation in Salivary Diagnostics for Oral and Systemic Health

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 189

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Saliva is increasingly recognized as a powerful, non-invasive biofluid with significant potential for the early detection and monitoring of both oral and systemic diseases. This Special Issue aims to highlight the expanding role of saliva in precision diagnostics, focusing on its clinical utility across a spectrum of conditions, including dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and chronic kidney disease. We invite original research articles, reviews, and case studies that explore emerging salivary biomarkers, innovative biosensing technologies for real-time monitoring, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) for the analysis of complex salivary data. Given its ease of collection, low cost, and patient-friendly nature, saliva represents a transformative medium for accessible and routine health monitoring. This Special Issue seeks to showcase interdisciplinary advances that position saliva-based diagnostics at the forefront of personalized and preventive medicine, with the ultimate goal of enhancing early detection, improving patient outcomes, and contributing to the future of smart, data-driven healthcare.

Prof. Dr. Corina Marilena Cristache
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • saliva diagnosis
  • oral disease
  • systemic diseases
  • artificial intelligence
  • AI driven diagnosis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

19 pages, 2113 KB  
Review
From Saliva to Diagnosis: A Scoping Review of Conventional and Biosensor-Based Methods for Salivary Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease
by Elena Valentina Vacarel, Eliza Denisa Barbulescu (Sgiea) and Corina Marilena Cristache
Diagnostics 2025, 15(17), 2226; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15172226 - 2 Sep 2025
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive global health burden often diagnosed in late stages due to reliance on invasive and centralized blood and urine tests. Saliva, as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid, has emerged as a promising alternative for assessing renal function. This [...] Read more.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive global health burden often diagnosed in late stages due to reliance on invasive and centralized blood and urine tests. Saliva, as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid, has emerged as a promising alternative for assessing renal function. This scoping review aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of salivary biomarkers compared to traditional methods, and to explore the potential of emerging biosensing technologies for CKD detection and monitoring. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to 1 July 2025, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies involving adult CKD patients and healthy controls that assessed the diagnostic performance of salivary biomarkers against validated reference standards (e.g., serum creatinine, eGFR) were included. A total of 29 eligible studies were selected after applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Salivary creatinine and urea were the most frequently assessed biomarkers and demonstrated strong correlations with serum levels (AUCs up to 1.00; sensitivity and specificity frequently >85%). Several studies reported high diagnostic potential for novel salivary markers such as Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), cystatin C, and amino acids. Technological innovations, including electrochemical biosensors and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, showed promise for enhancing sensitivity and enabling point-of-care testing. However, heterogeneity in sampling protocols and limited data for early-stage CKD were notable limitations. Conclusions: Salivary diagnostics, supported by biosensor technologies, offer a feasible and non-invasive alternative for CKD screening and monitoring. Standardization, broader clinical validation, and integration into dental workflows are key to clinical implementation. Full article
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