Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease: From Pathogenesis to Diagnostics

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 4660

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
Interests: diabetes; lipids; biomarkers; lipoproteins; obesity; microbiota; sepsis; antibiotics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail
Guest Editor
First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece
Interests: infectious diseases; diabetes; obesity; microbiome; climate change
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are characterized by impairment in kidney function due to several genetic and epigenetic factors, such as nutritional aspects, infections, metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, drugs, and toxins. Metabolic derangements, inflammatory processes, the various types of regulated cell death, and renal hemodynamic changes may all contribute to the development of kidney dysfunction. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide further information and data regarding the pathogenesis of AKI and CKD. In addition, the plethora of existing biomarkers as well as their efficacy in deciphering etiology, different phenotypes of AKI and CKD, and their prognostic potential will be further discussed. In this context, the advent of multi-omics techniques together with machine learning algorithms is of paramount importance. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we welcome submissions focusing on the latest advances in the pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of AKI and CKD. Furthermore, we are anticipating manuscripts regarding the usefulness of novel biomarkers on the timely diagnosis for the different subtypes of AKI and CKD.

Dr. Dimitris Kounatidis
Dr. Natalia G. Vallianou
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • acute kidney injury (AKI)
  • chronic kidney disease (CKD)
  • pathogenesis
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

27 pages, 697 KiB  
Review
Obesity-Related Chronic Kidney Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment
by Elena Avgoustou, Ilektra Tzivaki, Garyfalia Diamantopoulou, Tatiana Zachariadou, Despoina Avramidou, Vasileios Dalopoulos and Alexandros Skourtis
Diagnostics 2025, 15(2), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15020169 - 14 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2230
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic with far-reaching health complications, including its role as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Increasing evidence suggests that obesity contributes to CKD through multiple mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, hemodynamic alterations, insulin resistance, and [...] Read more.
Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic with far-reaching health complications, including its role as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Increasing evidence suggests that obesity contributes to CKD through multiple mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, hemodynamic alterations, insulin resistance, and lipid accumulation. These processes can culminate in histopathological changes collectively referred to as obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and pathophysiology of ORG. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of identifying key biomarkers that facilitate the early detection of ORG. Finally, we explore emerging therapeutic strategies that offer promise in mitigating this growing global health crisis. Full article
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12 pages, 753 KiB  
Review
Cardiac Troponin Levels in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: “Markers of High Risk or Just Noise’’?
by Eleni V. Geladari, Natalia G. Vallianou, Angelos Evangelopoulos, Petros Koufopoulos, Fotis Panagopoulos, Evangelia Margellou, Maria Dalamaga, Vassilios Sevastianos and Charalampia V. Geladari
Diagnostics 2024, 14(20), 2316; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14202316 - 18 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1946
Abstract
Kidney disease is linked to the development of cardiovascular disorders, further increasing morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population. Thus, early detection of myocardial damage is imperative in order to prevent devastating cardiovascular complications within this patient group. Over the years, cardiac biomarkers [...] Read more.
Kidney disease is linked to the development of cardiovascular disorders, further increasing morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population. Thus, early detection of myocardial damage is imperative in order to prevent devastating cardiovascular complications within this patient group. Over the years, cardiac biomarkers have been identified and are now widely used in everyday clinical practice. More specifically, available data suggest that cardiac troponin and its regulatory subunits (TnT, TnI, and TnC) reflect the injury and necrosis of myocardial tissue. While cTnC is identical in cardiac and skeletal muscle, TnT and TnI constitute cardiac-specific forms of troponin, and, as such, they have been established by international societies as biomarkers of cardiac damage and diagnostic indicators for acute myocardial infarction. Elevations in the levels of both cardiac troponins (cTnT and cTnI) have been also reported in asymptomatic patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. Therefore, if abnormal, they often generate confusion among clinicians regarding the interpretation and clinical significance of their numerical values in emergency settings. The aim of this review is to explore the reasons behind elevated troponin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and identify when these elevated levels of biomarkers indicate the need for urgent intervention, considering the high cardiovascular risk in this patient group. Full article
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