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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Advanced Neuroimaging in Fetal, Neonatal, Infant and Child Health
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Advanced Neuroimaging in Fetal, Neonatal, Infant and Child Health

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2022) | Viewed by 4077

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hyun Ju Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea
2. Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
Interests: fetal MRI project including fetal brain cortex and age analysis in brain disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ai Wern Chung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Interests: MRI connectomics; pediatrics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Children’s brains experience dramatic changes through infancy and early childhood. Of note, the fetal and neonatal period is an important time for brain growth and development, underpinning future cognitive potential. The advance of neuroimaging techniques provides crucial insight into the understanding of structural and functional brain development, as well as psychopathologic understanding in pediatrics. The multidisciplinary approach from medicine, engineering, computer science and neuroscience has improved the accuracy of clinical decision making, treatment selection and risk prediction. In several studies, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have shown sufficient and improved accuracy in the long-term prognosis of high-risk neonates and infants. Especially, the machine-learning algorithms applied to neuroimaging data analysis appear as promising tools for identifying microstructural changes associated with pathological processes for the onset and explanation of symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, these techniques are highlighted as potential sensitive tools and biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of many diseases in fetal–neonatal–infant health. This Special Issue aims to summarize the current state of research on the application of state-of-the-art advances in MRI and NIRS in fetal, neonatal and infant health to improve knowledge of brain development.

Dr. Hyun Ju Lee
Dr. Ai Wern Chung
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neuroimaging
  • neurodevelopment
  • diagnosis
  • prognosis
  • infant
  • fetal
  • neonatal
  • magnetic resonance imaging
  • near-infrared spectroscopy
  • brain injury

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1253 KiB  
Article
Different Brain Phenotypes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Healthy Children after Prenatal Insults
by Cristina Paules, María Teresa Pérez Roche, Miguel Angel Marin, Nicolás Fayed, Gracián García-Martí, Javier López Pisón, Daniel Oros and Victoria Pueyo
Diagnostics 2022, 12(11), 2748; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112748 - 10 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1559
Abstract
In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify the different brain phenotypes within apparently healthy children and to evaluate whether these phenotypes had different prenatal characteristics. We included 65 healthy children (mean age, 10 years old) with normal neurological examinations [...] Read more.
In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify the different brain phenotypes within apparently healthy children and to evaluate whether these phenotypes had different prenatal characteristics. We included 65 healthy children (mean age, 10 years old) with normal neurological examinations and without structural abnormalities. We performed cluster analyses to identify the different brain phenotypes in the brain MRI images. We performed descriptive analyses, including demographic and perinatal characteristics, to assess the differences between the clusters. We identified two clusters: Cluster 1, or the “small brain phenotype” (n = 44), which was characterized by a global reduction in the brain volumes, with smaller total intracranial volumes (1044.53 ± 68.37 vs. 1200.87 ± 65.92 cm3 (p < 0.001)), total grey-matter volumes (644.65 ± 38.85 vs. 746.79 ± 39.37 cm3 (p < 0.001)), and total white-matter volumes (383.68 ± 40.17 vs. 443.55 ± 36.27 cm3 (p < 0.001)), compared with Cluster 2, or the “normal brain phenotype” (n = 21). Moreover, almost all the brain areas had decreased volumes, except for the ventricles, caudate nuclei, and pallidum areas. The risk of belonging to “the small phenotype” was 82% if the child was preterm, 76% if he/she was born small for his/her gestational age and up to 80% if the mother smoked during the pregnancy. However, preterm birth appears to be the only substantially significant risk factor associated with decreased brain volumes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Neuroimaging in Fetal, Neonatal, Infant and Child Health)
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13 pages, 405 KiB  
Article
Predictive Value of Heat-Shock Protein Gene Expression on Severe Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
by Yu-Mi Seo, Seok Hwang-Bo, Soo-Ah Im, Myungshin Kim and Young-Ah Youn
Diagnostics 2022, 12(4), 981; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12040981 - 13 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1829
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate significant gene expression in severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns, which can be used as a predictable measure for high-risk HIE infants. The study prospectively recruited 77 inborn near-term or term HIE newborns between January 2018 and [...] Read more.
This study aims to evaluate significant gene expression in severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns, which can be used as a predictable measure for high-risk HIE infants. The study prospectively recruited 77 inborn near-term or term HIE newborns between January 2018 and December 2020. We measured six different genes within 6 h of life among the HIE infants and compared the gene levels between the mild- and severe-HIE groups. Among these, 64 HIE infants (83.1%) did not receive therapeutic hypothermia (TH) because they were categorized as mild HIE, and the 13 remaining (16.9%) infants were categorized as ≥ moderate-HIE group and received TH. More abnormal MRI findings, seizure, and use of anti-convulsant were more found in the ≥ moderate = HIE group along with longer mechanical ventilation days and hospitalization. Heat-shock protein 70 family 1 A (HSPA1A) and serpin family H member 1 (SERPINH1) genes, which encode heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 and 47, respectively, were significantly elevated in the ≥ moderate-HIE, seizure, and abnormal MRI groups. HSP 70 and 47 were significantly elevated in the severe-HIE group, possibly playing protective roles in inhibiting exacerbated neuroinflammation and maintaining a cellular homeostasis. At 18–24 months, ≥ moderate-HIE group manifested a significant language delay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Neuroimaging in Fetal, Neonatal, Infant and Child Health)
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