Diagnostic Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 899

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Unit of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: multiple sclerosis; radiology; neurology; neuroradiology; MRI
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The correct classification and management of patients with multiple sclerosis requires the adoption of several methods for biomarker detection, and magnetic resonance imaging is among the most relevant. The evolution of neuroimaging techniques in the field of multiple sclerosis has allowed for more precise diagnosis and more accurate therapeutic monitoring. In addition to conventional magnetic resonance imaging techniques, advanced techniques are increasingly entering the clinical field, offering greater possibilities in the evaluation of patients with multiple sclerosis. To appropriately address patients with multiple sclerosis, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge on the physiopathological mechanisms, and magnetic resonance imaging can help for this objective.

Dr. Emanuele Tinelli
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • multiple sclerosis
  • MRI
  • neuroimaging
  • diagnostic imaging

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1585 KB  
Article
Superiority of 3D-DIR over 3D-FLAIR in the Detection of Cortical Lesions and Correlation with Disability in Multiple Sclerosis: A Multicenter Study
by Irene Grazzini, Davide Del Roscio, Marco Cirinei, Benedetta Calchetti, Matteo Grammatico, Giulia Spossati, Lorenzo Malatesti, Teresa De Stefano, Andrea Cuneo, Sara Leonini, Ernesto Piane and Lorenzo Testaverde
Diagnostics 2025, 15(24), 3103; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15243103 - 6 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare diagnostic performance of 3D-Double Inversion Recovery (DIR) and 3D-Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) sequences in the detection of brain lesions in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients, especially cortical ones, and to evaluate potential correlation between [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare diagnostic performance of 3D-Double Inversion Recovery (DIR) and 3D-Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) sequences in the detection of brain lesions in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients, especially cortical ones, and to evaluate potential correlation between lesion number and clinical outcome. Methods: From April 2021 to July 2024, 278 MS patients (201 females, 77 males, mean age 47.01 ± 12.668 years) underwent brain MRI in three Italian Institutions using 1.5 T systems; 3D-FLAIR and 3D-DIR sequences were obtained with an identical anatomic position. Clinical disability was evaluated by the expanded disability state score (EDSS). Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test for lesion count differences (primary endpoint), and Chi-square test and Spearman for EDSS correlation (secondary endpoint); a p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A significantly higher total number of lesions was displayed on DIR images (n = 6601) compared with FLAIR (n = 6484) (p < 0.001). The mean number of cortical lesions identified with DIR (1.56 ± 2.767) was significantly higher than the mean number of cortical lesions detected with FLAIR (0.52 ± 1.029) (p < 0.001). Conversely, FLAIR sequences detected a significantly higher mean number of subcortical lesions (9.34 ± 8.663) compared to DIR (8.94 ± 8.415) (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between EDSS and the number of juxtacortical and cortical lesions detected with DIR with a p < 0.001. Conclusions: 3D-DIR is superior to 3D-FLAIR in detecting cortical lesions, which are correlated to clinical disability, and it should be implemented for the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation in MS patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis)
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