Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Respiratory Disease: From Biomarkers to Treatment Decisions

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 2065

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: asthma; COPD; biomarkers

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: COPD; severe asthma; interstitial lung disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the current decade, revolutionary approaches have been developed in multiple areas of respiratory medicine. Many of these have been in the area of diagnostic approaches, including the evolution of pulmonary function testing and forced and impulse oscillometry, use of exhaled biomarkers in clinical practice, the most prominent being exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), as well as breathomics and volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis, modern interventional pulmonology techniques, point-of care-lung ultrasound (POCUS), molecular and genomic diagnostics, and novel imaging modalities incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The management of respiratory disease has also incorporated novel approaches, including the wider use of biologics and monoclonal antibodies in airway disease, gene and mRNA therapies in genetic disorders including cystic fibrosis, targeted small-molecule novel treatments for fibrotic interstitial lung disease, smart inhalers and novel delivery devices for airway disease, novel inhaled and oral therapies for orphan lung diseases including bronchiectasis, and bronchoscopic and targeted therapies for lung cancer. This Special Issue welcomes novel approaches in the diagnosis and management of respiratory disease that may advance our understanding and treatment approach to our patients.

Dr. Konstantinos Kostikas
Dr. Athena Gogali
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • respiratory biologics
  • bronchoscopy
  • airways disease
  • exhaled biomarkers
  • artificial intelligence

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

13 pages, 1023 KB  
Article
The Clinical Features and Prognosis of Idiopathic and Infection-Triggered Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Preliminary Study
by Jingping Zhang, Kai Yang, Lingfei Mo, Liyu He, Jiayin Tong, He Hei, Yuting Zhang, Yadan Sheng, Blessed Kondowe and Chenwang Jin
Diagnostics 2025, 15(19), 2516; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192516 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 955
Abstract
Background: Acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD) is fatal. Infection is one of the most important triggers of the AE of IIM-ILD. We evaluated the clinical features and prognosis of idiopathic (I-AE) and infection-triggered (iT-AE) acute exacerbation [...] Read more.
Background: Acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD) is fatal. Infection is one of the most important triggers of the AE of IIM-ILD. We evaluated the clinical features and prognosis of idiopathic (I-AE) and infection-triggered (iT-AE) acute exacerbation in IIM-ILD patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 278 consecutive patients with IIM admitted to our hospital between January 2014 and December 2020. Among them, 69 patients experienced AE of IIM-ILD, including 34 with I-AE and 35 with iT-AE. Clinical features and short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed in this preliminary study. Results: Compared with I-AE, patients with iT-AE presented with lower hemoglobin and PaO2/FiO2 ratios but higher pulse, body temperature, white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage (NEU), C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, lactate dehydrogenase, and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase levels. They also had more extensive ground-glass opacities (GGOs) on high-resolution computed tomography (all p < 0.05). Mortality was significantly higher in iT-AE than that in I-AE at 30 days (28.6% vs. 5.9%), 90 days (34.3% vs. 14.9%), and 1 year (54.3% vs. 17.6%; log-rank test, p = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the combination of NEU and GGO extent could help discriminate iT-AE from I-AE (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.812; 95% confidence interval: 0.711–0.913; sensitivity: 71.4%, specificity: 73.5%, accuracy: 72.5%). Conclusion: This study found that iT-AE patients exhibited more severe hyperinflammation and markedly worse survival than I-AE patients. Combining NEU and GGO extent may assist in differentiating AE subtypes. Larger prospective studies are required to validate these findings. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

17 pages, 661 KB  
Review
The Role of Exhaled Breath Analyses in Interstitial Lung Disease
by Panaiotis Finamore, Alessio Marinelli, Simone Scarlata, Silvano Dragonieri and Andras Bikov
Diagnostics 2025, 15(22), 2884; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15222884 - 14 Nov 2025
Viewed by 847
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) represent a group of lung disorders that primarily affect the lung parenchyma. These disorders are usually progressive, may be debilitating and life threatening, and often pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Exhaled breath analyses offer opportunity for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, [...] Read more.
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) represent a group of lung disorders that primarily affect the lung parenchyma. These disorders are usually progressive, may be debilitating and life threatening, and often pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Exhaled breath analyses offer opportunity for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and to predict prognosis and treatment outcomes. Numerous studies have been published using various exhaled biomarker analyses, including exhaled nitric oxide, exhaled breath condensate, and exhaled volatile organic compounds. This review summarises and critically appraises the literature and offers suggestions for further research to apply exhaled biomarker analyses in clinical practice. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop