Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 400

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Neurochemistry and Biomarker Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
Interests: CSF; biomarkers; dementia; neurodegenerative diseases; Alzheimer; tau; p-tau; amyloid
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Guest Editor Assistant
1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Vass. Sophias Ave. 74, 11528 Athens, Greece
Interests: amyloid; neurodegenerative diseases; tauopathies; neurobiochemistry; Parkinson's disease; biomarkers; imaging markers of hydrocephalus

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue is dedicated to exploring the latest advancements in the diagnosis and management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), a complex and often misunderstood neurological condition. Featuring a range of cutting-edge research articles, case studies, and expert perspectives, this special issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding and treatment strategies for iNPH. From innovative diagnostic techniques and imaging modalities to novel therapeutic approaches and patient management strategies, this issue offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals, researchers, and patients alike. By bringing together leading experts in the field, we strive to foster a deeper understanding of iNPH and to improve the quality of life for those affected by this condition.

Dr. Elisabeth Kapaki
Guest Editor

Dr. Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis
Guest Editor Asisstant

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Keywords

  • idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH)
  • neurological disorder
  • ventricular enlargement
  • cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics
  • cognitive impairment
  • gait disturbance

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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16 pages, 348 KiB  
Systematic Review
Time Course of Symptoms in Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Review
by Bekir Rovčanin, Ibrahim Omerhodžić, Adem Nuhović, Emir Begagić, Nevena Mahmutbegović, Hakija Bečulić, Haso Sefo, Enra Mehmedika-Suljić, Almir Džurlić and Mirza Pojskić
Diagnostics 2025, 15(14), 1778; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15141778 - 14 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a treatable, but diagnostically challenging condition in the elderly marked by gait disturbance, cognitive decline, and urinary incontinence. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting is effective, but the prognostic significance of symptom duration before surgery remains unclear. This [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a treatable, but diagnostically challenging condition in the elderly marked by gait disturbance, cognitive decline, and urinary incontinence. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting is effective, but the prognostic significance of symptom duration before surgery remains unclear. This systematic review evaluates symptom duration in NPH patients with postoperative outcomes. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase was conducted per PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they assessed clinical or radiological outcomes of VP shunting in adult NPH patients, reported symptom duration, and had a follow-up of at least one month. Clinical outcomes (MMSE, TUG, NPH score) were qualitatively analyzed due to study heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-four studies comprising 1169 patients were included (mean age: 72.45 years; mean symptom duration: 33.04 months). Most studies reported clinical improvement after VP shunting. However, few directly evaluated the effect of symptom duration, yielding inconsistent findings: some suggested better outcomes with shorter symptom duration, while others found no clear correlation. Larger studies often lacked conclusive data, and no randomized controlled trials were identified. Conclusions: VP shunting remains an effective intervention for NPH; however, evidence supporting the predictive value of preoperative symptom length is inconclusive. This review highlights the need for standardized diagnostic protocols and larger prospective studies to clarify this association and optimize surgical timing. Full article
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