Advances in Neurosurgical Diagnostics: Imaging, Intraoperative Monitoring, and Prognostic Assessment

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 579

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Interests: neurosurgery; brain; spine
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my great pleasure to introduce this Special Issue of Diagnostics, entitled “Advances in Neurosurgical Diagnostics: Imaging, Intraoperative Monitoring, and Prognostic Assessment.”

Recent progress in neurosurgery has been driven significantly by developments in diagnostic technologies. Enhanced MRI techniques—including functional imaging and spectroscopy—along with advanced intraoperative visualization of neural structures and pathologies, have transformed surgical planning and execution. Minimally invasive, endoscopic, and endovascular approaches continue to evolve, supported by more precise diagnostic tools and real-time monitoring systems.

This Special Issue aims to highlight innovations in diagnostic methods that guide clinical decision making in neurosurgery, from preoperative assessment to intraoperative navigation and postoperative prognosis. We welcome contributions that explore novel imaging modalities, monitoring techniques, biomarker applications, and integrative diagnostic strategies impacting patient management and outcomes in brain and spine disorders.

Through this collection, we hope to advance the dialogue on how diagnostic excellence shapes the future of neurosurgical care.

Dr. Janez Ravnik
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

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Keywords

  • diagnostics
  • MR imaging
  • function imaging
  • neurosurgery
  • brain
  • spine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 2498 KB  
Article
Integrated Diagnostic and Surgical Management of Pediatric CNS Tumors: A Single-Centre Prognostic Analysis
by Peter Spazzapan and Tomaž Velnar
Diagnostics 2026, 16(5), 740; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16050740 - 2 Mar 2026
Viewed by 375
Abstract
Backgroud/Objectives: Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the second most common oncological disease in children. The purpose of this research was to analyze the course of surgical treatment for these tumors at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana between October 2018 and December [...] Read more.
Backgroud/Objectives: Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the second most common oncological disease in children. The purpose of this research was to analyze the course of surgical treatment for these tumors at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana between October 2018 and December 2025. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 110 patients was conducted, focusing on diagnostic accuracy and its correlation with surgical and neurological outcomes. Results: Over a seven-year period, 110 children were surgically treated, undergoing a total of 130 operative procedures. A calculated annual incidence of 3.8 cases per 100,000 was identified. The most common initial symptoms were headache (36.3%), vomiting (20%), and ataxia (17.2%). Tumors were localized supratentorially in 52.7% of cases, infratentorially in 30%, and along the spinal canal in 13.6%. The most frequent histopathological types were pilocytic astrocytomas/paediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas (18.1%), medulloblastomas (14.5%), and craniopharyngiomas (7.2%). Gross total resection was achieved in 60% of all procedures. Surgical complications occurred in 10.6% of cases, with a surgical mortality rate of 0.9%. Neurological deterioration occurred in 27.2% of cases, most commonly in the form of cerebellar mutism (8.1%). Diagnostic histology of medulloblastoma and infratentorial anatomical location were confirmed as critical prognostic markers for cerebellar mutism (p < 0.011) and shunt dependency (p = 0.0121). Conlcusions: This study confirms that treatment outcomes in the Slovenian tertiary center are comparable to international standards. Integrative diagnostic strategies significantly refine surgical planning and prognostic assessment, optimizing long-term morbidity management. Full article
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