Imaging of the Future: From the Standardisation of Diagnostic Processes to Artificial Intelligence

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 153

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Radiology I Unit, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
Interests: magnetic resonance; computed tomography; ultrasound; diagnostic radiology; elastography
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue ‘Imaging of the Future: From the Standardisation of Diagnostic Processes to Artificial Intelligence’ focuses on the growing importance of technological innovations in diagnostics, which the main aim of objectivity in diagnostic processes at the expense of inter-observer variability. This is certainly helped by the imaging reporting and data system classifications proposed for the various parts of the human body by numerous scientific societies; notably, in addition to this, new software and the standardisation of protocols also make important contributions to diagnostic accuracy, including artificial intelligence, which could have the same or even more advanced capabilities as an experienced operator, if this can be demonstrated.

For this reason, our Special Issue focuses on how the diagnostic process can be optimised for accurate diagnosis.

Dr. Emanuele David
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • artificial intellicence
  • technologies
  • ultrasound
  • MRI
  • CT
  • angiography
  • mammography

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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18 pages, 2596 KiB  
Review
Management and Treatment of Carotid Stenosis: Overview of Therapeutic Possibilities and Comparison Between Interventional Radiology, Surgery and Hybrid Procedure
by Lorenzo Aliotta, Livio Maria Gavazzi, Pierantonio Malfa, Pietro Valerio Foti, Stefano Palmucci, Maria Chiara Lo Greco, Corrado Spatola, Corrado Inì, Francesco Tiralongo, Davide Castiglione, Rita Bella, Gianluca Galvano, Giuseppe Lanza, Silvia Gigli, Antonio Basile, Vito Cantisani and Emanuele David
Diagnostics 2025, 15(13), 1679; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15131679 - 1 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Carotid stenosis is a common pathology in clinical practice and unfortunately carries a high risk of serious cerebrovascular events. The early recognition of carotid plaque and, consequently, a careful analysis by means of multimodal imaging are the necessary steps to undertake a correct [...] Read more.
Carotid stenosis is a common pathology in clinical practice and unfortunately carries a high risk of serious cerebrovascular events. The early recognition of carotid plaque and, consequently, a careful analysis by means of multimodal imaging are the necessary steps to undertake a correct management pathway, aimed at preventing or, if not possible, reducing the risk of atherogenic phenomena responsible for cerebral infarction. In particular, the presence or absence of clinical symptoms, understood as the occurrence of events such as TIAs in the last 6 months, non-disabling strokes or repeated episodes of amaurosis fugax, and the degree of carotid stenosis, are certainly the most studied parameters, and as reported by several international guidelines, can lead to the best therapeutic strategy: whether to rely on conservative medical therapy or to resort to mechanical revascularization of the carotid stenosis. According to the recommendations of the European Society of Vascular Surgery, mechanical revascularization is recommended for stenosis > 50% in symptomatic patients and stenosis > 60% in asymptomatic patients. In contrast, the latest findings on plaque vulnerability have focused attention on individual patient characteristics and clinical comorbidities that may be responsible for plaque inflammation and should therefore be taken into consideration to decide if revascularization treatment is needed even in those subjects who present stenosis with less degree than reported as critical value. Moreover, further radiological investigations are fundamental to finding the presence of entities such as plaque ulceration, plaque neo-vascularization, fibrous caps, and intraplaque lipid core that are responsible for increased vulnerability. Medical therapy involves interventions aimed at eliminating cardiovascular risk factors by administering drugs that control the comorbidities responsible for worsening carotid stenosis. Recent studies are also evaluating the effectiveness of new plaque-modifying drugs or targeted anti-inflammatory agents in reducing the risk of plaque development and complications. Revascularization therapies, on the other hand, include surgery (CEA), the endovascular technique (CAS), and a new hybrid technique (TCAR): they are all valid alternatives for the treatment of carotid stenosis, each with specific technical difficulties, but on the whole with comparable safety profiles and risk rates of postoperative complications, although some recent emergencies have focused attention on possible short- and long-term gender-dependent outcome differences. The aim of this manuscript is to present the state of the art in the management of patients with carotid stenosis and to take a closer look at revascularization options. In our opinion, the choice of one strategy over another should therefore depend on gender, anatomical features of the patient, preoperative comorbidities, and last but not least, the experience of the center and the multidisciplinary team involved in the management of the patient. Full article
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