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Diagnostics
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Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging—3rd Edition
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Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging—3rd Edition

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1831

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yuichi Yoshii

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
Interests: orthopaedic surgery; computer-assisted surgery; computer vision; biomechanics; hand surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Diagnostics, entitled "Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging—3rd Edition", aims to showcase the latest developments in musculoskeletal imaging technologies and their applications in diagnosing and treating bone and joint disorders. Building upon the success of previous editions, this edition focuses on the latest progress in diagnostic imaging for bone and joint disorders, aiming to highlight innovative techniques that enhance the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of musculoskeletal conditions. With the rapid development of imaging technologies—such as high-resolution MRI, advanced CT, functional imaging, and AI-driven analysis—this Special Issue seeks to gather cutting-edge research that improves diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes.

We welcome original research, reviews, and case-based studies addressing recent advances in imaging modalities, image-guided interventions, AI-assisted diagnostics, multimodal imaging integration, and quantitative image analyses related to orthopedic and rheumatologic conditions. Submissions that explore the clinical impact and translational potential of these technologies are especially encouraged.

Dr. Yuichi Yoshii
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • musculoskeletal imaging
  • machine learning
  • bone imaging
  • computed tomography
  • ultrasound imaging

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 949 KB  
Article
Patient-Reported Outcomes of Microfracture, Nanofracture, and K-Wire Drilling in Talus Osteochondral Lesions
by Ahmet Görkem Kasapoğlu, Mehmet Arıcan, Yıldıray Tekçe, Giray Tekçe and İlyas Kaban
Diagnostics 2025, 15(17), 2255; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15172255 - 6 Sep 2025
Viewed by 506
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Different patient-reported outcomes and radiological results are reported depending on whether microfracture, drilling, or nanofracture is utilized in the arthroscopic treatment of talus osteochondral lesions, but the first-line treatment is still controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the early [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Different patient-reported outcomes and radiological results are reported depending on whether microfracture, drilling, or nanofracture is utilized in the arthroscopic treatment of talus osteochondral lesions, but the first-line treatment is still controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the early patient-reported outcomes of microfracture, nanofracture, and antegrade drilling methods in talus anteromedial osteochondral lesions. Methods: A total of 77 patients who presented with ankle pain between October 2016 and June 2022, were diagnosed with talus osteochondral lesions, and underwent microfracture (n: 27), nanofracture (n: 25), and K-wire drilling (n: 25) were included. Demographic data of the patients were evaluated, such as age, gender, lesion side, dominant extremity, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, smoking (pack/day-year), and symptom duration. Patient-reported outcomes of the patients were evaluated with VAS (visual analog scale) and AOFAS (American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society) scores measured before surgery and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. The results were evaluated at the significance level of p < 0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences among the microfracture, nanofracture, and drilling groups in terms of age, gender, lesion side, dominant extremity, BMI, smoking, or daily cigarette use (p = 0.121, p = 0.852, p = 0.956, p = 0.731, p = 0.881, p = 0.769, p = 0.124). Similarly, the mean duration of symptoms did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.336). Although AOFAS and VAS scores significantly improved in all groups (p = 0.0001), there were no statistically significant differences between the microfracture, nanofracture, and drilling groups at preoperative, 6th-, and 12th-month measuring points. The microfracture group showed a significantly higher AOFAS improvement from preop to 6 months compared to the other groups (p = 0.012), though no differences were found between nanofracture and drilling or in 12-month changes. VAS percentage changes showed no significant differences among groups at either time point. Conclusions: All treatment groups had similar baseline characteristics and outcomes, with the microfracture group showing a greater functional improvement at 6 months. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging—3rd Edition)
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21 pages, 4108 KB  
Article
Test–Retest Reliability and Inter-Scanner Reproducibility of Improved Spinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging
by Christer Ruff, Stephan König, Tim W. Rattay, Georg Gohla, Ulrike Ernemann, Benjamin Bender, Uwe Klose and Tobias Lindig
Diagnostics 2025, 15(16), 2057; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15162057 - 16 Aug 2025
Viewed by 491
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Spinal diffusion tensor imaging (sDTI) remains a challenging method for the selective evaluation of key anatomical structures, like pyramidal tracts (PTs) and dorsal columns (DCs), and for reliably quantifying diffusion metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Spinal diffusion tensor imaging (sDTI) remains a challenging method for the selective evaluation of key anatomical structures, like pyramidal tracts (PTs) and dorsal columns (DCs), and for reliably quantifying diffusion metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD), and axial diffusivity (AD). This prospective, single-center study aimed to assess the reproducibility, robustness, and reliability of an optimized axial sDTI protocol, specifically intended for long fiber tracts. Methods: We developed an optimized Stejskal–Tanner sequence for high-resolution, axial sDTI of the cervical spinal cord at 3.0 T. Using advanced standardized evaluation and post-processing methods, we estimated DTI values for PTs, DCs, and AHs at the level of the second cervical vertebra. Reliability was evaluated through repeated measurements in 16 healthy volunteers and by comparing results from two 3.0 T scanners (Magnetom Skyra and Magnetom Prisma, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). Reproducibility was assessed using paired t-tests, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Bland–Altman analysis, and coefficients of variation (CVs). Results: The optimized sDTI protocol demonstrated high consistency for FA between test–retest sessions and across scanners. For the Skyra, the DC region showed the highest reliability (average ICC = 0.858) followed by the PT region (average ICC = 0.789). On the Prisma, the PT region reached an average ICC of 0.854, with the DC region at 0.758. Pooled inter-scanner data indicated good-to-excellent agreement, particularly in the PT region (average ICC = 0.860). FA CVs remained low (<10%) across all regions and scanners. RD showed good-to-excellent ICC values for PTs and DCs (average ICC for Skyra 0.642 and 0.769 and 0.926 and 0.830 for Prisma, respectively) but showed a higher CV between 14.6 and 19.4% for these two scanners. Conclusions: Improved sDTI offers highly reproducible FA measurements for all metrics with scanner independence, supporting its potential as a robust tool for detecting and monitoring spinal cord pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging—3rd Edition)
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11 pages, 4175 KB  
Article
Comparison of Hybrid Dynamic Stabilization with TLIF Versus Dynamic Stabilization Alone in Degenerative Lumbar Instability
by Uzay Erdogan, Gurkan Berikol, Ibrahim Taha Albas, Mehmet Yigit Akgun, Tunc Oktenoglu, Ozkan Ates and Ali Fahir Ozer
Diagnostics 2025, 15(15), 1887; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151887 - 28 Jul 2025
Viewed by 465
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of dynamic rod stabilization with and without transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative lumbar instability. Specifically, we evaluated the prognostic value of hybrid systems in reducing [...] Read more.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of dynamic rod stabilization with and without transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative lumbar instability. Specifically, we evaluated the prognostic value of hybrid systems in reducing adjacent segment disease (ASD), enhancing fusion rates, and improving functional outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 62 patients treated between 2019 and 2022. Group 1 (n = 34) underwent dynamic rod stabilization alone, while Group 2 (n = 28) received dynamic stabilization combined with TLIF. Radiological assessments included disk height index (DHI) and fusion rates. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for back and leg pain at baseline, 12, and 24 months. Statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi® software (version 2.4.1). Results: The hybrid group (dynamic + TLIF) demonstrated significantly higher anterior fusion rates (p < 0.001) and greater improvement in VAS scores for back (p = 0.005) and leg pain (p < 0.001) at 12 months. Although operative time was longer (p = 0.002), there was no significant difference in hospital stay (p = 0.635). No significant differences were observed in ASD development (p = 0.11) or pseudoarthrosis (p = 0.396). The hybrid group maintained better lumbar lordosis and higher adjacent segment DHI. Conclusions: Hybrid dynamic stabilization combined with TLIF provides superior clinical outcomes and fusion rates compared to dynamic stabilization alone, without significantly increasing the risk of ASD. These findings support the use of hybrid constructs as a balanced strategy for treating degenerative lumbar instability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging—3rd Edition)
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