Skin Disease: Diagnosis and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2025) | Viewed by 3252

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: scar; keloid; laser; severe atopic dermatitis; medical device

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive platform for researchers, dermatologists and healthcare professionals to explore the latest advancements and research findings in the field of skin disease diagnosis and management. Skin diseases encompass a wide range of conditions that affect the skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes, presenting unique challenges in accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

This Special Issue will focus on advancements in diagnostic tools, techniques and technologies for the precise identification and classification of various skin diseases. It will cover topics such as the application of dermatopathology, dermoscopy, molecular diagnostics and imaging modalities to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, including differentiating benign and malignant lesions. Additionally, it will explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms in aiding dermatologists in diagnosis and risk assessment. 

By compiling research articles, reviews and case studies, this Special Issue aims to provide valuable insights into the evolving landscape of skin disease diagnosis and management. It will facilitate the knowledge exchange, collaboration and development of novel diagnostic tools and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and the quality of life. The Special Issue is expected to contribute to the advancement of dermatology practice, fostering personalized and evidence-based approaches in the diagnosis and management of various skin diseases.

We look forward to your submission.

Dr. Jong Hee Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • skin disease
  • dermatopathology
  • dermoscopy
  • molecular diagnostics
  • imaging

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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12 pages, 1701 KiB  
Case Report
Tiny Troublemakers—A Comprehensive Approach to Crusted Scabies
by Antonia Armega-Anghelescu, Raluca-Maria Closca, Daliborca-Cristina Vlad, Florentina-Camelia Cioenaru, Marina Rakitovan, Patricia Cristodor, Caius-Silviu Solovan, Marco-Cristian Marian, Maria-Bianca Ilas-Tat and Flavia Zară
Diagnostics 2025, 15(6), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15060680 - 10 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: The current paper presents a retrospective case of a 79-year-old female patient admitted to the Dermatology Clinic of Emergency City Hospital in Timisoara, Romania, in January 2022, reporting intense pruritus and burning sensation of the skin exacerbated at night. [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: The current paper presents a retrospective case of a 79-year-old female patient admitted to the Dermatology Clinic of Emergency City Hospital in Timisoara, Romania, in January 2022, reporting intense pruritus and burning sensation of the skin exacerbated at night. Case Presentation: The previously mentioned symptoms appeared approximately six months prior, with gradual and continuous progression. Clinical examination revealed widespread hyperkeratosis on diffuse erythematous background across the entire body, accompanied by crusted lesions predominantly on the arms and legs. Laboratory values showed elevated absolute eosinophil count as well as a positive culture swab to Staphylococcus aureus. Two incisional skin biopsies were performed. Microscopic examination in Hematoxylin–Eosin staining revealed thickened stratum corneum with numerous oval-shaped mites with exoskeleton and striations and moderate perivascular lympho-eosinophilic infiltrate in the superficial dermis, leading to a positive diagnosis of crusted scabies. Following etiological treatment, the patient’s evolution was undulating and on the 10th day of hospitalization presented marked dyspnea, followed by cardiorespiratory arrest, leading to the patient’s death. Conclusions: The patient’s outcome could be explained by a Th2-mediated allergic response to Sarcoptes scabiei allergens, in addition to the presence of Staphylococcus aureus on the damaged skin, as dysbiosis can further support an uncontrolled Th2 reaction, leading to anaphylaxis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Disease: Diagnosis and Management)
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15 pages, 5378 KiB  
Protocol
HEALS-A and GRADES: Novel Histological and Clinical Scales for Assessing Skin Regeneration in Murine Wound Healing Models
by Jose R. Muñoz-Torres, Idalia Garza-Veloz, Perla Velasco-Elizondo and Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
Diagnostics 2025, 15(3), 387; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030387 - 6 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Background: Wounds affect approximately 15 out of every 1000 individuals, representing a significant healthcare challenge. The preclinical evaluation of novel wound treatments is important for advancing therapies that promote effective skin regeneration and improve healing outcomes. Methods: In this study, we integrated existing [...] Read more.
Background: Wounds affect approximately 15 out of every 1000 individuals, representing a significant healthcare challenge. The preclinical evaluation of novel wound treatments is important for advancing therapies that promote effective skin regeneration and improve healing outcomes. Methods: In this study, we integrated existing knowledge from the literature on murine wound healing models, histological features of the skin, and clinical scores described in humans to propose two complementary assessment tools: the HEALS-A histological score (healing, epithelialization, angiogenesis, leukocytes, scar tissue, appendages) and the GRADES clinical score (granulation tissue, redness/edema, appearance of wound, devitalized tissue). Results: These scales combine real-time clinical observation with detailed histological analysis, providing a practical and comprehensive approach to assessing wound healing. Unlike existing wound assessing approaches, HEALS-A does not require specialized software and considers regenerated tissue structures, ensuring a broader and more-detailed evaluation. Conclusions: The assessment of wound closure over time, combined with clinical evaluation and histological analysis of skin, provides a comprehensive approach to determining the true impact of new treatments on skin regeneration and the recovery of its functions in wounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Disease: Diagnosis and Management)
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11 pages, 8150 KiB  
Case Report
A Case of Bullous Pemphigoid with Significant Infiltration of CD4-Positive T Cells during Treatment with Pembrolizumab, Accompanied by Pembrolizumab-Induced Multi-Organ Dysfunction
by Yoshihito Mima, Tsutomu Ohtsuka, Ippei Ebato, Yoshimasa Nakazato and Yuta Norimatsu
Diagnostics 2024, 14(17), 1958; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171958 - 4 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1282
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) activate T cells, causing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Skin manifestations are common among irAEs, but ICI-associated bullous pemphigoid (BP) is rare. Inhibiting programmed death (PD)-1 signaling, in addition to causing epitope spreading, may disrupt B and T cell balance, [...] Read more.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) activate T cells, causing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Skin manifestations are common among irAEs, but ICI-associated bullous pemphigoid (BP) is rare. Inhibiting programmed death (PD)-1 signaling, in addition to causing epitope spreading, may disrupt B and T cell balance, causing excessive autoantibody production against the skin’s basement membrane, leading to BP. A 70-year-old woman developed late-onset multi-organ irAEs, including diarrhea, thyroid dysfunction, and BP, while receiving pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor. This highlights the long-term risk of irAEs, which can occur 2–3 years after starting ICIs. In cases of multi-organ irAE, C-reactive protein levels and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio are often low. These characteristics were observed in our case. Few papers address multiple organ involvement, highlighting the need to consider irAEs in a multi-organ context. While it is known that drug-induced skin reactions worsen as blood eosinophil counts increase, in our case, the eosinophil count remained normal, suggesting that ICI-associated BP might have been controlled without discontinuing the ICI and through tapering of low-dose oral prednisone treatment. Additionally, in this case, significant CD4-positive T cell infiltration was observed in the immunostaining examination of the blisters, indicating that severe CD4-positive T cell infiltration induced by the ICI might have led to multi-organ involvement, including severe diarrhea. Few reports focus on blood eosinophil counts in BP cases or discuss CD4 and CD8 immunostaining in BP cases. Therefore, future research should explore the relationship between blood eosinophil counts, immunostaining results, and the prognosis of irAEs, including BP, in treatment courses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Disease: Diagnosis and Management)
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