Recent Advances in Diagnostic Cytology

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Laboratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 366

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
Interests: renal cell tumors; prostate; salivary gland cytology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue presents cutting-edge developments and innovations in cytological diagnosis. It covers varied topics, including enhanced sensitivity in fine-needle aspiration cytology, rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) and telecytology, and advancements in ancillary testing with FISH and non-FISH molecular markers. It will also highlight the importance of these advancements for improving diagnostic accuracy and patient care. Additionally, it discusses the challenges faced in distinguishing between benign and malignant proliferations, especially in limited tissue and cytologic samples, and explores the role of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization in ancillary studies.

Dr. Varsha Manucha
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cytological diagnosis
  • fine-needle aspiration
  • rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE)
  • ancillary testing
  • immunohistochemistry
  • fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

8 pages, 6677 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Optimized Toluidine Blue Stain as an Alternative Stain for Rapid On-Site Evaluation (ROSE)
by Alejandro S. Mendoza, Alaa Afify, Lydia Howell, John Bishop, Aurelia Lauderdale, Stan Seko, Ronelson Hermosilla, Donald York and Kurt B. Schaberg
Diagnostics 2025, 15(10), 1223; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101223 - 13 May 2025
Viewed by 145
Abstract
Background: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) is crucial for improving the diagnostic yield of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. Despite recent advances in ROSE, such as telecytology, the rapid stains used in this process have not seen significant innovation. Diff-Quik (DQ) and Toluidine Blue [...] Read more.
Background: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) is crucial for improving the diagnostic yield of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. Despite recent advances in ROSE, such as telecytology, the rapid stains used in this process have not seen significant innovation. Diff-Quik (DQ) and Toluidine Blue (TB), the most common ROSE stains, have significant limitations. This study evaluates the optimized Toluidine Blue stain, a mixture of Toluidine Blue, Eosin, and Alcohol (TEA), as a potential alternative to TB or DQ for ROSE. Methods: A comparative study was conducted using fifty remnant body fluid specimens with adequate cellularity, collected at the University of California Davis Medical Center over six months. Two smears were prepared from each specimen. One was stained with TB, and the other with optimized Toluidine Blue (TEA). Digital images of each slide were evaluated by three cytologists and two cytopathologists, blinded to the stain, using five criteria: background staining, cytoplasmic detail, nuclear membrane clarity, chromatin texture, and nucleoli staining. Each criterion was scored on a scale of 1 to 3. Results: Optimized Toluidine Blue (TEA) stain demonstrated superior overall image quality compared to TB. Specifically, optimized Toluidine Blue (TEA) showed significantly less background staining (p < 0.05) and improved nuclear membrane clarity (p < 0.05), chromatin texture (p < 0.05), and nucleoli detail (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two stains in the assessment of cellularity or cytoplasmic detail. Conclusions: The optimized Toluidine Blue (TEA) stain shows promise as a rapid stain for ROSE, offering rapid processing and improved digital image quality. Further evaluation of optimized Toluidine Blue (TEA) stain on FNA specimens is warranted to validate these findings and explore its potential to enhance telecytology in ROSE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Diagnostic Cytology)
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