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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Diagnosis and Management of Preterm Infants and Neonates
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Diagnosis and Management of Preterm Infants and Neonates

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 5979

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Riccardo Riccardi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina - Gemelli Isola" Hospital, Rome, Italy
Interests: prematurity; neonatal intensive care; NICU

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Prematurity is defined as a birth that occurs before 37 completed weeks (less than 259 days) of gestation. It is associated with a considerable risk of morbidity and mortality, particularly among extremely preterm infants (i.e., gestational age <28 weeks). Complications of the preterm infant are divided into short-term complications (e.g., respiratory and cardiovascular complications) that occur in the neonatal period, and long-term sequelae (e.g., neurodevelopmental disabilities such as cerebral palsy) in patients who survive and are discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).  Advances in neonatal intensive care have improved the survival rate of preterm infants born at an increasingly younger gestational age. Advances in technology, surgical techniques, and therapeutics have dramatically changed the management, timing of treatment, and outcomes of common neonatal diseases.

Dr. Riccardo Riccardi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prematurity
  • neonatal intensive care
  • NICU

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 887 KiB  
Article
A Prospective Analysis of the Retinopathy of Prematurity Correlated with the Inflammatory Status of the Extremely Premature and Very Premature Neonates
by Claudia Ioana Borțea, Ileana Enatescu, Mirabela Dima, Manuela Pantea, Emil Radu Iacob, Catalin Dumitru, Alin Popescu, Florina Stoica, Rodica Elena Heredea and Daniela Iacob
Diagnostics 2023, 13(12), 2105; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13122105 - 18 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1233
Abstract
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of blindness in premature infants. This study aimed to evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and ROP development in extremely premature and very premature neonates and identify potential inflammatory biomarkers for ROP risk prediction. This [...] Read more.
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of blindness in premature infants. This study aimed to evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and ROP development in extremely premature and very premature neonates and identify potential inflammatory biomarkers for ROP risk prediction. This prospective study was conducted from January 2021 to January 2023 in two clinical hospitals associated with the “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara. The study population comprised neonates with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks. Various inflammatory markers, including total white blood cell count, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and lactate dehydrogenase, were analyzed from blood samples collected at birth and three days postnatally. ROP was diagnosed and classified following the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The study included 48 neonates, 12 Extremely Premature Infants (EPI), and 36 Very Premature Infants (VPI). The EPI group had significantly higher mean interleukin-6 and lactate dehydrogenase levels at birth and three days postnatally than the VPI group. C-reactive protein levels at three days were significantly higher in the VPI group. Umbilical cord inflammation and ROP severity were found to have a statistically significant positive correlation. Half of the EPIs had moderate to severe ROP, significantly more than in the VPI group. The duration of oxygen supplementation, mechanical ventilation, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), gestational age less than 28 weeks, and umbilical cord inflammation at or above stage 3 were significant risk factors for developing ROP stage 2 or above. Elevated CRP and IL-6 were also significantly associated with an increased risk of developing ROP stage 2 or above, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for ROP risk prediction. This study suggests a significant association between inflammatory markers and ROP development in extremely premature and very premature neonates. These findings could contribute to the identification of potential inflammatory biomarkers for ROP risk prediction, improving early diagnosis and intervention strategies for this condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Preterm Infants and Neonates)
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19 pages, 2398 KiB  
Article
Multidrug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Hospitalized Newborn Infants
by Ching Hoong Chew, Chew Chieng Yeo, Ainal Mardziah Che Hamzah, Esra’a I. Al-Trad, Sherry Usun Jones, Kek Heng Chua and Suat Moi Puah
Diagnostics 2023, 13(6), 1050; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061050 - 9 Mar 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2728
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant challenge in healthcare management, and addressing it requires a comprehensive approach. In this study, we employed a combination of phenotypic and genotypic approaches, along with whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate five hospital-associated MDR methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [...] Read more.
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant challenge in healthcare management, and addressing it requires a comprehensive approach. In this study, we employed a combination of phenotypic and genotypic approaches, along with whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate five hospital-associated MDR methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains that were isolated from newborn infants. Our analysis revealed the following for the MDR-MRSA strains: SauR31 was resistant to three antimicrobial classes; SauR12, SauR91 and SauR110 were resistant to four antimicrobial classes; and SauR23 exhibited resistance to seven classes. All the MDR-MRSA strains were capable of producing slime and biofilms, harbored SCCmec type IV, and belonged to different spa types (t022, t032, and t548), with varying profiles for microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) and virulence genes. The WGS data for the MDR SauR23 and SauR91 strains revealed that most of the antimicrobial resistance genes were present in the chromosomes, including blaZ, mecA, norA, lmrS, and sdrM, with only the ermC gene found in a small (<3 kb) plasmid. The presence of MDR-MRSA strains among neonates raises public concern, hence implementation of multifaceted interventions is recommended to address this issue. In addition, metadata is needed to improve the investigation of antimicrobial resistance genes in MDR isolates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Preterm Infants and Neonates)
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Review

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11 pages, 1143 KiB  
Review
Intracardiac Thrombi in Preterm Infants—A Case Study and Review of the Literature
by Ayala Gover, Dawod Sharif, Liat Yaniv and Arieh Riskin
Diagnostics 2023, 13(4), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040764 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1411
Abstract
Intracardiac thrombi in preterm infants are not common but may lead to fatal outcomes. Predisposing and risk factors include small vessel size, hemodynamic instability, immaturity of the fibrinolytic system, indwelling central catheters and sepsis. In this paper, we present our own experience with [...] Read more.
Intracardiac thrombi in preterm infants are not common but may lead to fatal outcomes. Predisposing and risk factors include small vessel size, hemodynamic instability, immaturity of the fibrinolytic system, indwelling central catheters and sepsis. In this paper, we present our own experience with a case of a catheter-related right atrial thrombus in a preterm infant, which was successfully treated with an aspiration thrombectomy. Then, we review the literature on intracardiac thrombosis in preterm infants: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical signs, echocardiographic diagnostic features and treatment options are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Preterm Infants and Neonates)
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