Recent Advancements in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Molecular Mechanisms

A special issue of Current Oncology (ISSN 1718-7729).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 2675

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Carlo Forlanini Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, 00152 Rome, Italy
Interests: malignant pleural mesothelioma; thoracic surgery; lung cancer; treatment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a dismal and rare disease caused by asbestos exposure. Since asbestos use peaked around 1980 and the latency time to develop MPM is around 20 to 50 years, the number of deaths from MPM in Europe is expected to peak in 2020–2025.

The optimal treatment for mesothelioma remains under debate; moreover, there is no international agreement on the role of surgery with curative intent.

Two trials have defined the past and present of surgery in MPM:

  • PAST: The role of Extra-Pleural-Pneumonectomy (EPP) as an appropriate surgical treatment was widely discussed after the publication of the MARS1 trial, a prospective RCT that compared outcomes of patients who were randomly assigned to Chemo/EPP or to chemotherapy alone. The trial exposed that EPP within tri-modality therapy tendered no survival benefits and could be detrimental for treated patients.
  • PRESENT: The role of extended pleurectomy decortication (EPD) was discussed in the MARS2 trial, a RCT that compared chemo/EPD versus chemotherapy alone. The preliminary results showed that multimodality therapy including surgery significantly extended the OS of MPM patients compared with multimodal treatment without surgery in selected cases.

FUTURE: We need to address some open questions:

  • What is the role of neoadjuvant treatment?
  • Does the immunotherapy revolutionize the approach to MPM as with what happened to NSCLC?
  • Which is the best timing for surgery in multimodal treatment?
  • Can Artificial Intelligence predict the outcomes of MPM patients?

The aim of this Special Issue is debating and answering the most important controversies about this cruel disease.

Dr. Sara Ricciardi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • malignant pleural mesothelioma
  • surgical treatment
  • chemotherapy
  • neoadjuvant treatment
  • immunotherapy
  • multimodal treatment
  • artificial intelligence predict

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 326 KiB  
Review
Diagnosis of Pleural Mesothelioma: Is Everything Solved at the Present Time?
by Elisa Roca, Avinash Aujayeb and Philippe Astoul
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(9), 4968-4983; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31090368 - 27 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1928
Abstract
Ranked high in worldwide growing health issues, pleural diseases affect approximately one million people globally per year and are often correlated with a poor prognosis. Among these pleural diseases, malignant pleural mesothelioma (PM), a neoplastic disease mainly due to asbestos exposure, still remains [...] Read more.
Ranked high in worldwide growing health issues, pleural diseases affect approximately one million people globally per year and are often correlated with a poor prognosis. Among these pleural diseases, malignant pleural mesothelioma (PM), a neoplastic disease mainly due to asbestos exposure, still remains a diagnostic challenge. Timely diagnosis is imperative to define the most suitable therapeutic approach for the patient, but the choice of diagnostic modalities depends on operator experience and local facilities while bearing in mind the yield of each diagnostic procedure. Since the analysis of pleural fluid cytology is not sufficient in differentiating historical features in PM, histopathological and morphological features obtained via tissue biopsies are fundamental. The quality of biopsy samples is crucial and often requires highly qualified expertise. Since adequate tissue biopsy is essential, medical or video-assisted thoracoscopy (MT or VATS) is proposed as the most suitable approach, with the former being a physician-led procedure. Indeed, MT is the diagnostic gold standard for malignant pleural pathologies. Moreover, this medical or surgical approach can allow diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: it provides the possibility of video-assisted biopsies, the drainage of high volumes of pleural fluid and the administration of sterile calibrated talcum powder under visual control in order to achieve pleurodesis, placement of indwelling pleural catheters if required and in a near future potential intrapleural therapy. In this context, dedicated diagnostic pathways remain a crucial need, especially to quickly and properly diagnose PM. Lastly, the interdisciplinary approach and multidisciplinary collaboration should always be implemented in order to direct the patient to the best customised diagnostic and therapeutic pathway. At the present time, the diagnosis of PM remains an unsolved problem despite MDT (multidisciplinary team) meetings, mainly because of the lack of standardised diagnostic work-up. This review aims to provide an overview of diagnostic procedures in order to propose a clear strategy. Full article
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