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Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, Thermal Properties...
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Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, Thermal Properties and Applications (Volume II)

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 20668

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Raghvendra Singh Yadav

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
Interests: magnetic materials; dielectric materials; electrical properties; luminescent nanomaterials; micro-wave absorbing materials; ceramics; materials chemistry; soft matter; nanostructured materials; materials for energy; semiconductor materials; nano-bio composite materials; metals and alloys; nanocomposites; functional materials; optical materials; graphene; polymer nanocomposites; graphene nanocomposites; graphene quantum dots; nanoparticles; structural properties; magnetic properties; dielectric properties; magnetically recoverable efficient photo-catalysts; data storage; gas sensing; magnetoresistance; other physical properties; synthesis; characterization; hyperthermia cancer treatment; drug delivery; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents; magnetic refrigeration (MR); spintronic devices; ferro-fluids; anode materials for Li-ion batteries; microwave devices; water splitting for hydrogen production; paint industry; super-capacitors; elect
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anju Anju

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
Interests: magnetic materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanocrystalline materials have proven a noteworthy consideration due to its extensive technological applications, i.e., anode material for Li-ion battery, super-capacitors, photovoltaic, solar cells, light emitting diodes, displays, spintronic devices, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, drug-delivery, magnetically recoverable efficient photo-catalyst, ferrofluids, gas sensor, hyperthermia cancer treatment, magnetic refrigeration (MR), data storage devices, microwave devices, paint industry, and water splitting for hydrogen production, etc. Further, the variation in the magnetic, dielectric, electrical, optical and thermal characteristics of nanocrystalline materials in comparison with their bulk, make them very attractive functional material. For technological applications, the performance of nanocrystalline material can be regulated by particle size, morphology, capping, surfactant, doping, and core-shell structure, etc. In addition, a nanocrystalline material of desired physical properties for specific application can be made via. a controllable nucleation and crystal growth of material during chemical synthesis approaches such as hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, coprecipitation method, microemulsion method, sol-gel method, sonochemical method, solution combustion method, microwave synthesis, etc.

The special issue on ‘‘Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical and Thermal Properties and Application (Volume II)’’ is intended to cover a broad description in the field of nanocrystalline materials, its application, synthesis, characterization including investigation of physical properties such as structural, magnetic, dielectric, electrical, optical, and thermal, etc. Researchers and academicians working in the field of nanocrystalline materials are welcome to contribute to this special issue whose scope is intended to cover multiple aspects (from chemistry to physics) of fascinating nanocrystalline material systems.

Dr. Raghvendra Singh Yadav
Dr. Anju Anju
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanoparticles
  • preparation
  • nucleation and crystal growth
  • properties
  • applications

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 155 KiB  
Editorial
Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, and Thermal Properties and Applications (Volume II)
by Raghvendra Singh Yadav and Anju
Crystals 2022, 12(11), 1506; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111506 - 23 Oct 2022
Viewed by 918
Abstract
In this current Special Issue, “Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, Thermal Properties and Applications (Volume II)”, eight original research articles have been published [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, Thermal Properties and Applications (Volume II))

Research

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11 pages, 2818 KiB  
Article
Innovative Investigation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Used in Dentistry
by Ajay Kumar Tiwari, Saket Jha, Abhimanyu Kumar Singh, Sheo Kumar Mishra, Ashok Kumar Pathak, Rudra Prakash Ojha, Raghvendra Singh Yadav and Anupam Dikshit
Crystals 2022, 12(8), 1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081063 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3149
Abstract
Dental caries is a major lifestyle concern as dental components affect the face of an individual. The issue of tooth decay occurs in every age group throughout the globe. Researchers are probing incipient implements and techniques to develop filling agents for decayed teeth. [...] Read more.
Dental caries is a major lifestyle concern as dental components affect the face of an individual. The issue of tooth decay occurs in every age group throughout the globe. Researchers are probing incipient implements and techniques to develop filling agents for decayed teeth. Zinc oxide (ZnO) powder is utilized mostly as a filling agent. Nanotechnology enhanced the efficiency of compounds of metal oxides utilized for dental caries. The present study aims to investigate the properties of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized chemically (using ZnCl2 and NaOH) as well as biologically (using aqueous leaf extract of Murraya paniculata). The XRD patterns confirm that ZnO NPs have a hexagonal crystalline structure with particle sizes of 47 nm and 55 nm for chemically and biologically synthesized NPs, respectively. The FE-SEM data confirm the nanorod and spherical/cubical shape morphologies for the chemically and biologically synthesized ZnO NPs, respectively. FTIR data show the peaks between 4000 and 450 cm−1 of the functional groups of –OH, C-O, –C-H-, and Zn-O bonds. The UV–Vis absorption study indicates a peak around 370 nm and a hump around 360 nm corresponding to the chemically and biologically synthesized ZnO NPs, respectively. An antibacterial bioassay was performed and compared with commercially available ZnO bulk powder against tooth decaying pathogens, viz., Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Lactobacillus fermentum, and found that both ZnO NPs had results closer to those of the standard drug (rifampicin). Thus, the synthesized ZnO NPs may be utilized as nano-drugs for the application of tooth decaying filling agents. Even biologically synthesized ZnO NPs may be considered more environmentally friendly and less toxic to human health concerns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, Thermal Properties and Applications (Volume II))
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18 pages, 5181 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Copper(II)-Coated Magnetic Core-Shell Nanoparticles Fe3O4@SiO2: An Effective and Recoverable Catalyst for Reduction/Degradation of Environmental Pollutants
by Jaber Dadashi, Mohammad Khaleghian, Babak Mirtamizdoust, Younes Hanifehpour and Sang Woo Joo
Crystals 2022, 12(6), 862; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060862 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2417
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis of a magnetically recoverable catalyst through immobilizing copper (II) over the Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) surface [Fe3O4@SiO2-L–Cu(II)] (L = pyridine-4-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazide). Accordingly, synthesized catalysts were determined [...] Read more.
In this work, we report the synthesis of a magnetically recoverable catalyst through immobilizing copper (II) over the Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) surface [Fe3O4@SiO2-L–Cu(II)] (L = pyridine-4-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazide). Accordingly, synthesized catalysts were determined and characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) procedures. The [Fe3O4@SiO2-L–Cu(II)] was used for the reduction of Cr(VI), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and organic dyes such as Congo Red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) in aqueous media. Catalytic performance studies showed that the [Fe3O4@SiO2–L–Cu(II)] has excellent activity toward reduction reactions under mild conditions. Remarkable attributes of this method are high efficiency, removal of a homogeneous catalyst, easy recovery from the reaction mixture, and uncomplicated route. The amount of activity in this catalytic system was almost constant after several stages of recovery and reuse. The results show that the catalyst was easily separated and retained 83% of its efficiency after five cycles without considerable loss of activity and stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, Thermal Properties and Applications (Volume II))
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9 pages, 1655 KiB  
Article
Ultraviolet-Visible-Near Infrared Broadband Photodetector Based on Electronspun Disorder ZnO Nanowires/Ge Quantum Dots Hybrid Structure
by Jie You, Yichi Zhang, Maolong Yang, Bo Wang, Huiyong Hu, Zimu Wang, Jinze Li, Hao Sun and Liming Wang
Crystals 2022, 12(2), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020172 - 25 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2425
Abstract
Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared broadband photodetectors have significant prospects in many fields such as image sensing, communication, chemical sensing, and day and nighttime surveillance. Hybrid one-dimensional (1D) and zero-dimensional (0D) materials are attractive for broadband-responsive photodetectors since its unique charges transfer characteristics and facile fabrication [...] Read more.
Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared broadband photodetectors have significant prospects in many fields such as image sensing, communication, chemical sensing, and day and nighttime surveillance. Hybrid one-dimensional (1D) and zero-dimensional (0D) materials are attractive for broadband-responsive photodetectors since its unique charges transfer characteristics and facile fabrication processes. Herein, a Si/ZnO nanowires/Ge quantum dots photodetector has been constructed via processes that combined electrospinning and spin-coating methods. A broadband response behavior from ultraviolet to near-infrared (from 250 to 1550 nm) is observed. The responsivity of the hybrid structure increases around three times from 550 to 1100 nm compared with the pure Si photodetector. Moreover, when the photodetector is illuminated by a light source exceeding 1100 nm, such as 1310 and 1550 nm, there is also a significant photoresponse. Additionally, the ZnO NWs/Ge quantum dots heterostructure is expected to be used in flexible substrates, which benefits from electrospinning and spin-coating processes. The strategy that combines 1D ZnO NWs and 0D solution-processed Ge QDs nanostructures may open a new avenue for flexible and broadband photodetector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, Thermal Properties and Applications (Volume II))
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9 pages, 3012 KiB  
Article
Wide Bandwidth Silicon Nitride Strip-Loaded Grating Coupler on Lithium Niobate Thin Film
by Fan Yang, Hong Fang, Huangpu Han and Bingxi Xiang
Crystals 2022, 12(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12010070 - 05 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2589
Abstract
In this research, a vertical silicon nitride strip-loaded grating coupler on lithium niobate thin film was proposed, designed, and simulated. In order to improve the coupling efficiency and bandwidth, the parameters such as the SiO2 cladding layer thickness, grating period, duty cycle, [...] Read more.
In this research, a vertical silicon nitride strip-loaded grating coupler on lithium niobate thin film was proposed, designed, and simulated. In order to improve the coupling efficiency and bandwidth, the parameters such as the SiO2 cladding layer thickness, grating period, duty cycle, fiber position, and fiber angle were optimized and analyzed. The alignment tolerances of the grating coupler parameters were also calculated. The maximum coupling efficiency and the −3 dB bandwidth were optimized to 33.5% and 113 nm, respectively. In addition, the grating coupler exhibited a high alignment tolerance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, Thermal Properties and Applications (Volume II))
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10 pages, 2246 KiB  
Article
Study of Phase Formation Processes in Li2ZrO3 Ceramics Obtained by Mechanochemical Synthesis
by Maxim V. Zdorovets, Artem L. Kozlovskiy, Baurzhan Abyshev, Talgat A. Yensepbayev, Rizahan U. Uzbekgaliyev and Dmitriy I. Shlimas
Crystals 2022, 12(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12010021 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2412
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the study of the phase formation processes in Li2ZrO3 ceramics obtained by the method of solid phase synthesis. Interest in these types of ceramics is due to their great potential for use as blanket materials [...] Read more.
The article is dedicated to the study of the phase formation processes in Li2ZrO3 ceramics obtained by the method of solid phase synthesis. Interest in these types of ceramics is due to their great potential for use as blanket materials in thermonuclear reactors, as well as being one of the candidates for tritium breeder materials. Analysis of the morphological features of the synthesized ceramics depending on the annealing temperature showed that the average grain size is 90–110 nm; meanwhile the degree of homogeneity is more than 90% according to electronic image data processing results. The temperature dependences of changes in the structural and conducting characteristics, as well as the phase transformation dynamics, have been established. It has been determined that a change in the phase composition by displacing the impurity LiO and ZrO2 phases results in the compaction of ceramics, as well as a decrease in their porosity. These structural changes are due to the displacement of LiO and ZrO2 impurity phases from the ceramic structure and their transformation into the Li2ZrO3 phase. During research, the following phase transformations that directly depend on the annealing temperature were established: LiO/ZrO2/Li2ZrO3 → LiO/Li2ZrO3 → Li2ZrO3. During analysis of the obtained current-voltage characteristics, depending on the annealing temperature, it was discovered that the formation of the Li2ZrO3 ordered phase in the structure results in a rise in resistance by three orders of magnitude, which indicates the dielectric nature of the ceramics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, Thermal Properties and Applications (Volume II))
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11 pages, 2549 KiB  
Article
Evolution of Free Volumes in Polycrystalline BaGa2O4 Ceramics Doped with Eu3+ Ions
by Halyna Klym, Ivan Karbovnyk, Andriy Luchechko, Yuriy Kostiv, Viktorija Pankratova and Anatoli I. Popov
Crystals 2021, 11(12), 1515; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121515 - 05 Dec 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2460
Abstract
BaGa2O4 ceramics doped with Eu3+ ions (1, 3 and 4 mol.%) were obtained by solid-phase sintering. The phase composition and microstructural features of ceramics were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in comparison with energy-dispersive methods. Here, [...] Read more.
BaGa2O4 ceramics doped with Eu3+ ions (1, 3 and 4 mol.%) were obtained by solid-phase sintering. The phase composition and microstructural features of ceramics were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in comparison with energy-dispersive methods. Here, it is shown that undoped and Eu3+-doped BaGa2O4 ceramics are characterized by a developed structure of grains, grain boundaries and pores. Additional phases are mainly localized near grain boundaries creating additional defects. The evolution of defect-related extended free volumes in BaGa2O4 ceramics due to the increase in the content of Eu3+ ions was studied using the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy technique. It is established that the increase in the number of Eu3+ ions in the basic BaGa2O4 matrix leads to the agglomeration of free-volume defects with their subsequent fragmentation. The presence of Eu3+ ions results in the expansion of nanosized pores and an increase in their number with their future fragmentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, Thermal Properties and Applications (Volume II))
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12 pages, 3506 KiB  
Article
Influence of Cr/Zr Ratio on Activity of Cr–Zr Oxide Catalysts in Non-Oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation
by Alexander Zubkov, Tatiana Bugrova, Mikhail Salaev and Grigory Mamontov
Crystals 2021, 11(11), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111435 - 22 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1770
Abstract
Two series of chromium–zirconium mixed oxide catalysts with different Cr/Zr molar ratio are prepared by co-precipitation method. Porous structure of the catalysts is studied by low-temperature N2 adsorption–desorption. Phase composition and chromium states in the catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), [...] Read more.
Two series of chromium–zirconium mixed oxide catalysts with different Cr/Zr molar ratio are prepared by co-precipitation method. Porous structure of the catalysts is studied by low-temperature N2 adsorption–desorption. Phase composition and chromium states in the catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen (TPR-H2). The mixed catalysts are tested in non-oxidative dehydrogenation of propane at 550 °C. The catalysts synthesized without ageing of precipitate show higher activity in propane dehydrogenation due to the higher content of reducible Cr+5/+6 species due to its stabilization on the ZrO2 surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, Thermal Properties and Applications (Volume II))
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Other

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16 pages, 58100 KiB  
Brief Report
Morphological: Optical, and Mechanical Characterizations of Non-Activated and Activated Nanocomposites of SG and MWCNTs
by Mohammed S. Alotaibi, Norah H. Almousa, Mohammed A. Asaker, Fahad S. Alkasmoul, Nezar H. Khdary and Maha Khayyat
Crystals 2021, 11(11), 1280; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111280 - 22 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1700
Abstract
Nanocomposites of silica gel (SG) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) of relatively low concentrations (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 wt%) were characterized before and after annealing. Adsorption is a surface phenomenon, and based on this, the morphology of the composites was investigated by scanning [...] Read more.
Nanocomposites of silica gel (SG) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) of relatively low concentrations (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 wt%) were characterized before and after annealing. Adsorption is a surface phenomenon, and based on this, the morphology of the composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The produced images show that the MWCNTs were embedded into the silica gel base material. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmittance spectroscopy showed that MWCNTs were not functionalized within the matrix of silica gel and MWCNT composites. However, after annealing the composites at 400 °C for 4 h in air, evidence of activation was observed in the FTIR spectrum. The effects of the embedding of MWCNTs on porosity, specific surface area, and pore size distribution were studied using Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of the prepared composites were mainly dominated by characteristic sharp scattering peaks of the silica gel at 480, 780, and 990 cm−1 and a broad band centered at 2100 cm−1. The scattering peaks of MWCNTs were not well pronounced, as the homogeneity of the composite is always questionable. Nanosizer analysis showed that at 0.25 wt%, the distribution of MWCNTs within the silica gel was optimal. Vickers hardness measurements showed that the hardness increased with the increasing weight percent of MWCNTs within the composite matrix, while annealing enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites. Further studies are required to investigate the pore structure of silica gel within the matrix of MWCNTs to be deployed for efficient cooling and water purification applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanocrystalline Materials: Preparation, Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric, Electrical, Optical, Thermal Properties and Applications (Volume II))
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