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Plasma Technologies for Surface Engineering
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Plasma Technologies for Surface Engineering

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Coatings for Biomedicine and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2021) | Viewed by 9496

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Behnam Akhavan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Biomedical Engineering and School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Interests: biomedical Engineering; thin film coatings; plasma polymerization; biomaterials; Surface Engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coatings and interfaces developed through plasma technologies offer solutions for complex problems in a wide range of sectors from tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to aerospace, optoelectronics, and energy generation. In particular, biofunctional, optical, protective, and tribological coatings fabricated through the controlled interaction of ionized gases with materials have been of increasing interest in the past decade for the development of modern functional devices.

In line with the rapid growth of plasma technologies in surface engineering, we are assembling a Special Issue of Coatings to encourage scientists and engineers worldwide to showcase their research papers, short communications, and review articles on this exciting, interdisciplinary research area.

The goal of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the synthesis, characterization, and use of plasma-synthesized coatings in important technological applications. The topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Plasma surface engineering technologies such as PVD, PECVD, ion beam deposition and plasma immersion implantation, plasma polymerization, and atmospheric pressure plasma processes;
  • Plasma coating applications such as electrical, magnetic and optical coatings; protective and tribological coatings; biofunctional coatings; and coatings related to energy conversion;
  • Characterization and simulation of plasma-synthesized film growth, structure, and properties.

Dr. Behnam Akhavan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 5290 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Quasi-Static/Dynamic Contact Mechanical Properties of Mo Surface-Modified TC4
by Jie Gao, Ke Zheng, Shengwang Yu, Hongjun Hei, Yanxia Wu, Huarong Gong and Yong Ma
Coatings 2022, 12(2), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020123 - 23 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1753
Abstract
By using the double glow plasma surface alloying technique, a Mo surface-modified layer is prepared on Ti6Al4V(TC4). The element concentration and microstructure are characterized with a glow-discharge optical emission spectroscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that the Mo modified layer [...] Read more.
By using the double glow plasma surface alloying technique, a Mo surface-modified layer is prepared on Ti6Al4V(TC4). The element concentration and microstructure are characterized with a glow-discharge optical emission spectroscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that the Mo modified layer is compact in structure and gradation in composition, which consists of a pure Mo deposition layer and a thick Mo diffusion layer. Nanoindentation test results indicate that the surface hardness of TC4 is significantly improved after surface modification. Therefore, the initial part of the Mo diffusion layer has higher hardness than the Mo deposition layer. The impact tests for 10,000 cycles at different loads demonstrate that impact load 100 N only causes small plastic deformation, while impact loads 300 N and 500 N could result in cracks. Combining nanoindentation test with finite element reverse analysis, plastic parameters of the Mo modified layer are quantitatively determined. By using the impact test and finite element forward analysis, the dynamic contact mechanical properties of Mo surface-modified TC4 are characterized. When the impact cycles are fixed, ring cracks firstly occur and then radial cracks occur with the impact load increase on the graded layer. The ring cracks are mainly caused by impact stretch fatigue and corresponding cyclic stress is between 3.53 and 2.62 GPa. The radial cracks are mainly related to the tension-compression fatigue and corresponding cyclic stress is between 3.92 and −0.97 GPa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technologies for Surface Engineering)
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17 pages, 2838 KiB  
Article
Plasma Surface Engineering to Biofunctionalise Polymers for β-Cell Adhesion
by Clara Tran, Nicole Hallahan, Elena Kosobrodova, Jason Tong, Peter Thorn and Marcela Bilek
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1085; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091085 - 08 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2395
Abstract
Implant devices containing insulin-secreting β-cells hold great promise for the treatment of diabetes. Using in vitro cell culture, long-term function and viability are enhanced when β-cells are cultured with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Here, our goal is to engineer a favorable environment within [...] Read more.
Implant devices containing insulin-secreting β-cells hold great promise for the treatment of diabetes. Using in vitro cell culture, long-term function and viability are enhanced when β-cells are cultured with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Here, our goal is to engineer a favorable environment within implant devices, where ECM proteins are stably immobilized on polymer scaffolds, to better support β-cell adhesion. Four different polymer candidates (low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polyethersulfone (PES) and polysulfone (PSU)) were treated using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) to enable the covalent attachment of laminin on their surfaces. Surface characterisation analysis shows the increased hydrophilicity, polar groups and radical density on all polymers after the treatment. Among the four polymers, PIII-treated LDPE has the highest water contact angle and the lowest radical density which correlate well with the non-significant protein binding improvement observed after 2 months of storage. The study found that the radical density created by PIII treatment of aromatic polymers was higher than that created by the treatment of aliphatic polymers. The higher radical density significantly improves laminin attachment to aromatic polymers, making them better substrates for β-cell adhesion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technologies for Surface Engineering)
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14 pages, 6383 KiB  
Article
Mechanical, Electrochemical, and Osteoblastic Properties of Gradient Tantalum Coatings on Ti6Al4V Prepared by Plasma Alloying Technique
by Meng Zhang, Yong Ma, Jie Gao, Hongjun Hei, Wenru Jia, Jin Bai, Zhubo Liu, Xiaobo Huang, Yanpeng Xue, Shengwang Yu and Yucheng Wu
Coatings 2021, 11(6), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060631 - 25 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1930
Abstract
Plasma alloying technique capable of producing metallic coatings with metallurgical bonding has attracted much attention in dental and orthopedic fields. In this study, the effects of temperature and time of plasma tantalum (Ta) alloying technique on the mechanical, electrochemical, and osteoblastic properties of [...] Read more.
Plasma alloying technique capable of producing metallic coatings with metallurgical bonding has attracted much attention in dental and orthopedic fields. In this study, the effects of temperature and time of plasma tantalum (Ta) alloying technique on the mechanical, electrochemical, and osteoblastic properties of Ta coatings were systematically investigated. Ta coatings prepared at 800 °C possess better interfacial strengths than those prepared at 750 and 850 °C, and the interfacial strength increases with prolonged alloying time (30–120 min). At 800 °C, however, the increased proportion of the soft Ta deposition layer with alloying time in the whole coating impairs the surface mechanical properties of the entire coating, as convinced by decreased microhardness and wear resistance. Moreover, Ta coatings exhibit better corrosion resistance than the Ti6Al4V substrate in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium. The enhanced adhesion and extracellular matrix mineralization level of osteoblasts demonstrate the better cytocompatibility and osteogenic activity of the Ta coating. Ta30 (Ta coating prepared at 800 °C for 30 min) exhibits excellent mechanical, electrochemical, and osteoblastic behaviors and is promising in biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technologies for Surface Engineering)
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16 pages, 5495 KiB  
Article
Ti–Cu Coatings Deposited by a Combination of HiPIMS and DC Magnetron Sputtering: The Role of Vacuum Annealing on Cu Diffusion, Microstructure, and Corrosion Resistance
by Lina Qin, Donglin Ma, Yantao Li, Peipei Jing, Bin Huang, Fengjuan Jing, Dong Xie, Yongxiang Leng, Behnam Akhavan and Nan Huang
Coatings 2020, 10(11), 1064; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111064 - 05 Nov 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2632
Abstract
Titanium-copper (Ti–Cu) coatings have attracted extensive attention in the surface modification of industrial and biomedical materials due to their excellent physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility. Here, Ti–Cu coatings are fabricated using a combination of high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS; also known as [...] Read more.
Titanium-copper (Ti–Cu) coatings have attracted extensive attention in the surface modification of industrial and biomedical materials due to their excellent physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility. Here, Ti–Cu coatings are fabricated using a combination of high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS; also known as high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS)) and DC magnetron sputtering followed by vacuum annealing at varied temperatures (300, 400, and 500 °C). X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data showed that Ti, Cu, and CuTi3 are mainly formed in the coatings before annealing, while Ti3O, Cu2O, and CuTi3 are the main compounds present in the annealed coatings. The cross-sectional TEM micrographs and corresponding EDS results provided evidence that Ti is mainly present on the surface and interfaces of the silicon substrate and the Ti–Cu coatings annealed at 500 °C, while the bulk of the coatings is enriched with Cu. The resistivity of the coatings decreased with increasing the annealing temperature from 300 to 500 °C. Based on self-corrosion current density data, the Ti–Cu coating annealed at 300 °C showed similar corrosion performance compared to the as-deposited Ti–Cu coating, while the corrosion rate increased for the Ti–Cu coatings annealed at 400 and 500 °C. Stable release of copper ions in PBS (cumulative released concentration of 0.8–1.0 μM) for up to 30 days was achieved for all the annealed coatings. Altogether, the results demonstrate that vacuum annealing is a simple and viable approach to tune the Cu diffusion and microstructure of the Ti–Cu coatings, thereby modulating their electrical resistivity, corrosion performance, and Cu ion release behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technologies for Surface Engineering)
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