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Welding of Advanced High-Strength Steel and Protective Coating for AHSS...
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Welding of Advanced High-Strength Steel and Protective Coating for AHSS Welds

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2026 | Viewed by 1598

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jiamin Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
Interests: advanced high-strength steel; numerical welding simulation; wire-arc additive manufacturing; welding residual stresses; deformation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ruihai Duan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
Interests: laser welding; friction stir welding; material characterization; mechanical property; corrosion property

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To reduce weight and production costs, advanced high-strength steels (AHSSs) have been increasingly applied across the manufacturing industry, including the automotive, wind turbine, and shipbuilding sectors. Welding, as a joining process, plays a crucial role in manufacturing. Nevertheless, the microstructure of AHSSs may vary during welding because their high strength is achieved by modifying the steel microstructure, thereby affecting joint strength and properties. Furthermore, the higher the strength, the higher the sensitivity to hydrogen-induced cold cracking, which brings another difficulty to AHSS welding. Numerous factors, such as welding heat input, material properties, residual stresses, and the level of diffusible hydrogen, highly influence these issues in the welding of AHSSs. Additionally, surface protective coatings are important in maintaining the function and properties of AHSS welds. To keep up with the advancements in welding of AHSSs, to overcome the difficulties of AHSS welding, and to maintain the properties of AHSS welds, we welcome you to this Special Issue of “Welding of Advanced High-Strength Steel and Protective Coating for AHSS Welds” to submit papers in the field of AHSS welding and its protective coating.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Trends in AHSSs and welding technology, comprehensive performance requirements, and sustainability.
  • Microstructure and mechanical properties of AHSS welds.
  • Hydrogen-induced cracking in the heat-affected zone.
  • Heat-affected zone softening characteristics in AHSS welds.
  • Numerical welding simulation for AHSSs.
  • Protective coating of AHSS welds.

Prof. Dr. Jiamin Sun
Dr. Ruihai Duan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced high-strength steel
  • welding process
  • protective coating
  • joint properties
  • numerical welding simulation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 3741 KB  
Article
Effect of cBN Addition on Phase Composition, Microstructure, Wear Resistance, and Corrosion Resistance of CoCuNiTi + x cBN (x = 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.%) High-Entropy Alloy Coatings
by Mingxing Ma, Xiaoyan Zhang, Cun Liang, Ying Dong, Zhixin Wang, Chengjun Zhu, Liang Zhao, Yanjun Xi, Deliang Zhang and Dachuan Zhu
Coatings 2026, 16(4), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16040422 - 2 Apr 2026
Viewed by 475
Abstract
Although 45 steel is widely used in the manufacture of mechanical parts, its application in harsh working conditions is limited owing to its low hardness, poor wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. Laser cladding can enhance the performance of the working surface without sacrificing [...] Read more.
Although 45 steel is widely used in the manufacture of mechanical parts, its application in harsh working conditions is limited owing to its low hardness, poor wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. Laser cladding can enhance the performance of the working surface without sacrificing substrate toughness. CoCuNiTi HEACs with different cBN additions were successfully prepared on a 45-steel substrate. The phase structure, microstructure, elemental composition, wear, and corrosion behavior of CoCuNiTi + x cBN (x = 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.%) HEACs were investigated using XRD, OM, SEM, EDS, friction and wear tester, and electrochemical workstation, respectively. The results show that all three coatings exhibit a dual-phase structure composed of FCC and BCC phases. The addition of cBN transforms the alloy phase structure from the original FCC main phase to the BCC main phase. The incorporation of cBN significantly reduces the lattice constant and cell volume of the alloy phase. The change in the alloy phase density is negatively correlated with the cell volume. CoCuNiTi + x cBN (x = 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.%) alloys have a dendritic structure. No pores were observed in the cBN-containing sample. The content of Ti in the primary phase is the highest. Co is enriched in the dendrite region, and Cu is enriched in the interdendrite region. The significant reduction in the average segregation coefficient for cBN-containing samples is attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation of the alloy melt at lower undercooling levels and the significant increase in the diffusion rate. The friction coefficient of the alloy decreases significantly with increasing cBN content. The sample with 1.0 wt.% cBN shows the best wear resistance, mainly due to the combined effects of hard particle support, solid solution strengthening, phase interface reduction, and high thermal conductivity of cBN. The sample with 1.0 wt.% cBN has the largest capacitive arc radius and charge-transfer resistance, along with the lowest annual corrosion rate, indicating optimal corrosion resistance. This is primarily related to the reduction in pore defects caused by cBN addition, hindrance of uniform penetration of the corrosive medium by dispersed cBN particles, and increased complexity of the anodic dissolution process. CoCuNiTi HEACs reinforced by cBN can simultaneously improve the wear and corrosion resistance of the surface of the 45-steel substrate, providing a feasible strategy for the design of high-performance protective coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding of Advanced High-Strength Steel and Protective Coating for AHSS Welds)
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19 pages, 2162 KB  
Article
Effect of Diamond Content on Microstructure and Wear/Corrosion Resistance of CoCuNiTi + x Diamond (C) (x = 0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.%) High-Entropy Alloy Coatings
by Mingxing Ma, Runzhen Gang, Zhixin Wang, Ying Dong, Chengjun Zhu, Cun Liang, Liang Zhao, Dachuan Zhu and Deliang Zhang
Coatings 2026, 16(3), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16030288 - 27 Feb 2026
Viewed by 407
Abstract
CoCuNiTi HEACs reinforced by different diamond contents were prepared on the surface of 45 steel substrate by laser cladding. Their phase composition, microstructure, elemental composition, and wear/corrosion resistance were investigated using XRD, OM, SEM, EDS, a friction and wear testing machine, and an [...] Read more.
CoCuNiTi HEACs reinforced by different diamond contents were prepared on the surface of 45 steel substrate by laser cladding. Their phase composition, microstructure, elemental composition, and wear/corrosion resistance were investigated using XRD, OM, SEM, EDS, a friction and wear testing machine, and an electrochemical workstation, respectively. The results show that after adding diamond, the phase composition of the sample transforms from the original dual-phase structure of the FCC main phase and BCC to the dual-phase structure of the BCC main phase and FCC. With an increase in the diamond content, the diffraction peak intensity of the alloy phases first increases and then decreases. This behavior is related to the significant enhancement of the alloy phase crystallinity with low diamond addition and the intensified crystal lattice distortion caused by excessive diamond addition. The CoCuNiTi + x Diamond (C) (x = 0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.%) high-entropy alloys have a dendritic structure. After the addition of diamond, no hole defects were observed in the microstructure, and the dendritic structure was significantly refined. Ti and C are enriched in the primary phase, Cu is enriched in the interdendrite regions, and Co exhibits the highest concentration in the dendrite regions. The segregation coefficients of Ni in all three alloys are relatively small. As the diamond content increases, the friction coefficient of the samples decreases significantly. The 1 wt.% diamond sample exhibits the best wear resistance, primarily owing to the combined effects of superhard phase strengthening, solid solution strengthening, and fine grain strengthening resulting from diamond addition. The sample with 0.5 wt.% diamond addition has the lowest self-corrosion current density, highest polarization resistance, and lowest annual corrosion rate, indicating the best corrosion resistance. This performance is mainly attributed to the refinement of the microstructure, reduction in defects, and formation of a dense passivation film caused by the addition of a small amount of diamond. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding of Advanced High-Strength Steel and Protective Coating for AHSS Welds)
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Graphical abstract

12 pages, 23088 KB  
Article
Microstructural Characteristics and Fracture Behavior of the Rotor Magnetic Pole Screw in an Industrial Synchronous Motor
by Ying Dong, Qinghao Miao, Ruihai Duan, Yang Liu, Ke Wang, Xuandong Wu and Shujin Chen
Coatings 2026, 16(3), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16030282 - 27 Feb 2026
Viewed by 437
Abstract
The microstructural characteristics and fracture behavior of a magnetic pole screw were investigated here. The screw threads were produced by cold thread rolling. Microstructural analysis (OM, SEM, EBSD), mechanical testing (tensile, hardness, fastening), and fracture morphology observation were conducted. The results indicate that [...] Read more.
The microstructural characteristics and fracture behavior of a magnetic pole screw were investigated here. The screw threads were produced by cold thread rolling. Microstructural analysis (OM, SEM, EBSD), mechanical testing (tensile, hardness, fastening), and fracture morphology observation were conducted. The results indicate that work hardening and microstructural deformation were introduced by the gradient plastic deformation in the screw thread. The elongated microstructure of ferrite and pearlite was obtained in the deformation zones, resulting in increased hardness and decreased plasticity. The thread root subsurface experienced severe localized indentation deformation and exhibited the highest hardness. The distinct forming stress states led to a notable difference in the hardened layer depth between the thread crest and root. The torsional overload fracture was initiated at the stress-concentrated thread root, where the work-hardened microstructure exhibited a limited capacity to accommodate large plastic deformation. The crack propagation was influenced by the gradient microstructure, following three primary propagation paths: transgranular through ferrite, along the ferrite–pearlite phase interface, and cracking through lamellar pearlite. The results provide theoretical support for material design and process optimization to achieve the production of high-performance screws with high strength and hardness at the thread surface and high plasticity in the center. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding of Advanced High-Strength Steel and Protective Coating for AHSS Welds)
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