Oral Diadochokinesis, Tongue Pressure, and Lip-Seal Strength Among Japanese Male Workers in the Taxi Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Covariates
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total | 20 s | 30 s | 40 s | 50 s | 60 s and Over | 1) p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 437) | (n = 85) | (n = 63) | (n = 87) | (n = 143) | (n = 59) | ||
Lip-seal strength [N] | 13.8 (11.6, 16.4) | 12.1 (9.6, 14.0) | 12.9 (11.6, 15.8) * | 14.7 (12.4, 17.3) * | 14.3 (12.2, 16.9) * | 14.9 (12.0, 18.1) * | <0.001 |
Tongue pressure [kPa] | 42.1 (35.9, 48.9) | 40.9 (33.5, 48.1) | 45.5 (37.7, 50.1) | 44.5 (35.3, 50.2) | 42.0 (36.7, 47.5) | 41.0 (34.9, 46.7) | 0.071 |
Age [years] | 47.0 (31.0, 55.0) | ||||||
BMI [kg/m2] | 24.1 (21.6, 27.2) | 21.8 (19.8, 24.6) | 24.1 (22.4, 28.3) * | 24.6 (22.3, 27.7) * | 24.3 (22.2, 27.4) * | 25.1 (23.0, 28.7) * | <0.001 |
Pa [times] | 33 (31, 35) | 34 (30, 36) | 34 (32, 36) | 34 (32, 36) | 33 (31, 34) | 32 (29, 33) * | <0.001 |
Ta [times] | 35 (32, 38) | 36 (33, 39) | 35 (33, 40) | 36 (33, 39) | 35 (32, 37) | 32 (30, 34) * | <0.001 |
Ka [times] | 32 (29, 34) | 33 (30, 35) | 32 (30, 36) | 32 (29, 36) | 31 (29, 33) | 29 (26, 32) * | <0.001 |
Alcohol use [once a week or more] | 259 (59.3) | 46 (54.1) | 34 (54.0) | 56(64.4) | 82 (57.3) | 41 (69.5) | 0.251 |
Smoking [yes] | 163 (37.3) | 25 (29.4) | 23 (36.5) | 44 (50.6) | 51 (35.7) | 20 (33.9) | 0.054 |
Spearman’s r | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | |
a. Pa | 0.613 * | 0.527 * | 0.094 | 0.184 * | −0.045 | −0.052 | |
b. Ta | 0.680 * | 0.073 | 0.201 * | −0.099 | 0.015 | ||
c. Ka | 0.061 | 0.189 * | −0.101 * | −0.029 | |||
d. Lip-seal strength | 0.396 * | 0.278 * | 0.288 * | ||||
e. Tongue pressure | 0.080 | 0.274 * | |||||
f. Age | 0.178 * | ||||||
g. BMI |
Pa | Ta | Ka | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
Tongue pressure | 0.574 (0.304, 0.843) * | 0.436 (0.231, 0.640) * | 0.424 (0.210, 0.639) * | |||
Lip-seal strength | 0.128 (0.032, 0.224) * | 0.072 (−0.001, 0.145) | 0.083 (0.006, 0.160) * | |||
Age | 0.027 (−0.052, 0.107) | 0.069 (0.041, 0.097) * | 0.038 (−0.042, 0.118) | 0.073 (0.044, 0.101) * | 0.029 (−0.051, 0.110) | 0.072 (0.043, 0.101) * |
BMI | 0.634 (0.419, 0.848) * | 0.203 (0.127, 0.280) * | 0.578 (0.364, 0.793) * | 0.191 (0.115, 0.268) * | 0.590 (0.374, 0.805) * | 0.198 (0.121, 0.276) * |
Alcohol use | −0.062 (−0.994, 0.871) | −0.130 (−0.462, 0.201) | 0.118 (−0.812, 1.048) | −0.103 (−0.434, 0.229) | −0.133 (−1.066, 0.801) | −0.124 (−0.458, 0.211) |
Smoking | −0.314 (−1.267, 0.639) | −0.263 (−0.602, 0.076) | −0.281 (−1.230, 0.667) | −0.255 (−0.593, 0.084) | −0.327 (−1.280, 0.626) | −0.277 (−0.618, 0.064) |
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Minoura, A.; Ihara, Y.; Kato, H.; Murakami, K.; Watanabe, Y.; Hirano, K.; Ito, Y.; Kokaze, A. Oral Diadochokinesis, Tongue Pressure, and Lip-Seal Strength Among Japanese Male Workers in the Taxi Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin. Pract. 2024, 14, 2499-2506. https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14060196
Minoura A, Ihara Y, Kato H, Murakami K, Watanabe Y, Hirano K, Ito Y, Kokaze A. Oral Diadochokinesis, Tongue Pressure, and Lip-Seal Strength Among Japanese Male Workers in the Taxi Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clinics and Practice. 2024; 14(6):2499-2506. https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14060196
Chicago/Turabian StyleMinoura, Akira, Yoshiaki Ihara, Hirotaka Kato, Kouzou Murakami, Yoshio Watanabe, Kojiro Hirano, Yoshinori Ito, and Akatsuki Kokaze. 2024. "Oral Diadochokinesis, Tongue Pressure, and Lip-Seal Strength Among Japanese Male Workers in the Taxi Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study" Clinics and Practice 14, no. 6: 2499-2506. https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14060196
APA StyleMinoura, A., Ihara, Y., Kato, H., Murakami, K., Watanabe, Y., Hirano, K., Ito, Y., & Kokaze, A. (2024). Oral Diadochokinesis, Tongue Pressure, and Lip-Seal Strength Among Japanese Male Workers in the Taxi Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clinics and Practice, 14(6), 2499-2506. https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14060196