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Advances in Molecular Therapies and Disease Associations in Diabetes
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Advances in Molecular Therapies and Disease Associations in Diabetes

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 2317

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hongbao Cao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
Interests: bioinformatics; genetic network analysis; biomarker discovery; data integration; machine learning in biomedical research; systems biology; drug development; medical image analysis; neurodegenerative diseases; statistical modeling
Dr. Shaolei Teng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
Interests: bioinformatics; mental disorders; next-generation sequencing; machine learning; protein structure modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes mellitus is a multifaceted metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. Beyond its primary impact on glucose metabolism, diabetes significantly influences various physiological systems, increasing the risk of comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, certain cancers, and autoimmune diseases. Understanding these molecular interconnections is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.

This Special Issue seeks to highlight recent advancements in molecular therapies for diabetes management and elucidate the complex interplay between diabetes and related diseases at the molecular level. We welcome original research articles and comprehensive reviews that delve into the following topics:

  • Molecular Mechanisms: Studies exploring pathways linking diabetes to other diseases, including inflammatory processes, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction;
  • Therapeutic Targets: Identification and validation of novel molecular targets for therapeutic intervention, such as glucose-sensitive insulin analogs which adjust activity based on blood glucose levels, thereby reducing hypoglycemia risk;
  • Drug Development: Innovative therapeutic approaches, including the design of multi-receptor agonists which simultaneously activate multiple peptide hormone receptors to enhance efficacy in treating obesity and type 2 diabetes;
  • Multi-Omics Approaches: Integration of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and system biology to uncover biomarkers and pathways pertinent to diabetes and its comorbidities.

Dr. Hongbao Cao
Dr. Shaolei Teng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes
  • molecular therapies
  • comorbidities
  • genomics
  • proteomics
  • metabolomics
  • multi-omics
  • precision medicine

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 570 KB  
Article
TGF-β1 Is Associated with Left Ventricular Dysfunction
by Bartosz Rakoczy, Michal Rac, Andrzej Krzystolik, Violetta Dziedziejko, Krzysztof Safranow, John Omede and Monika Rac
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(10), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47100800 - 26 Sep 2025
Abstract
There are many contradictory opinions, and the role of TGF-β1 in the vascular effects of atherosclerosis remains unclear. This study aims to verify whether plasma TGF-β1 concentrations are correlated with changes in echocardiographic and vascular parameters in individuals with early coronary artery disease [...] Read more.
There are many contradictory opinions, and the role of TGF-β1 in the vascular effects of atherosclerosis remains unclear. This study aims to verify whether plasma TGF-β1 concentrations are correlated with changes in echocardiographic and vascular parameters in individuals with early coronary artery disease (CAD), including those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study group consisted of 100 patients with early-onset CAD. Patients underwent echocardiography and electrocardiography. The thickness of the internal and middle membrane complex of the carotid and brachial arteries, the ankle-brachial index, and the atherosclerotic plaques present were assessed via Doppler ultrasound. No statistically significant correlation of TGF-β1 with diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, or myocardial infarction was observed, only weak associations with impaired ventricular function. The positive correlations between right and left ventricular parameters and TGF-β1 level, as well as the negative correlations fractional shortening and deceleration time, were found. The last correlation was strong. There is a strong positive correlation between TGF-β1 and QRS II width and QRS V5 width. The positive correlation was found between TGF-β1 and PLA density and thickness of the intima-media. These associations are very weak. In patients with early-onset CAD, high TGF-β1 concentrations are not associated with heart attacks or the associated risk factors. However, these cases are potentially those with stable plaques. Our study indicates a significant association between TGF-β1 levels and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and arrhythmia risk in these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Therapies and Disease Associations in Diabetes)
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Review

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29 pages, 4063 KB  
Review
Synergism of Synthetic Sulfonamides and Natural Antioxidants for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Oxidative Stress
by Ancuța Dinu (Iacob), Luminita-Georgeta Confederat, Ionut Dragostin, Ionela Daniela Morariu, Dana Tutunaru and Oana-Maria Dragostin
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(9), 709; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47090709 - 1 Sep 2025
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Abstract
In the context of expanding research on the development of compounds with multiple therapeutic actions, this study aims to consolidate findings from the last decade on new synthetic sulfonamide therapies for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated with oxidative stress (OS). The [...] Read more.
In the context of expanding research on the development of compounds with multiple therapeutic actions, this study aims to consolidate findings from the last decade on new synthetic sulfonamide therapies for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated with oxidative stress (OS). The novelty of this synthesis study lies in the synergistic approach of antidiabetic molecular targets with those against oxidative stress, having the sulfonylurea class as a common point. By utilizing international databases, we identified and selected conclusive studies for this review. Promising results have been achieved through dual therapies that combine antioxidants (such as sesame oil, naringin, alpha-lipoic acid, resveratrol, and quercetin) with sulfonylureas (including glipizide, glibenclamide, gliclazide, and glimepiride). Additionally, triple therapies that associated sulfonylureas with other classes of antidiabetic medications have also shown encouraging outcomes. These findings are supported by in vivo tests conducted on experimental laboratory models as well as on human subjects. These recent advancements in synthetic sulfonamide research point to a promising future in diabetes management, especially considering the dual functionalities demonstrated by in vivo studies—specifically, their antidiabetic and antioxidant effects. Moreover, the synergy between sulfonamides and other antioxidant agents represents a beneficial strategy for optimizing future chemical structures, potentially allowing for their integration into personalized treatments aimed at combating T2DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Therapies and Disease Associations in Diabetes)
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34 pages, 1051 KB  
Review
Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetes: Pathogenesis and Targeted Rhythm Control Strategies
by Konstantinos Grigoriou, Paschalis Karakasis, Konstantinos Pamporis, Panagiotis Theofilis, Dimitrios Patoulias, Efstratios Karagiannidis, Barbara Fyntanidou, Antonios P. Antoniadis and Nikolaos Fragakis
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(7), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47070559 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1252
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexist, creating a complex bidirectional relationship that exacerbates cardiovascular risk and challenges clinical management. Diabetes fosters a profibrotic, pro-inflammatory, and proarrhythmic atrial substrate through a constellation of pathophysiologic mechanisms, including metabolic remodeling, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexist, creating a complex bidirectional relationship that exacerbates cardiovascular risk and challenges clinical management. Diabetes fosters a profibrotic, pro-inflammatory, and proarrhythmic atrial substrate through a constellation of pathophysiologic mechanisms, including metabolic remodeling, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, ion channel dysregulation, and autonomic imbalance, thereby promoting AF initiation and progression. Conventional rhythm control strategies remain less effective in diabetic individuals, underscoring the need for innovative, substrate-targeted interventions. In this context, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as promising agents with pleiotropic antiarrhythmic properties, modulating fibrosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial integrity. Moreover, advances in anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and ion channel-modulating therapeutics, coupled with novel mitochondrial-targeted strategies, are reshaping the therapeutic landscape. Multi-omics approaches are further refining our understanding of diabetes-associated AF, facilitating precision medicine and biomarker-guided interventions. This review delineates the molecular nexus linking diabetes and AF, critically appraises emerging rhythm control strategies, and outlines translational avenues poised to advance individualized management in this high-risk population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Therapies and Disease Associations in Diabetes)
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