Special Issue "Neonatal Respiratory Distress Update"

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2021.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Rita Marie Ryan
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, UH Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Interests: neonatal lung biology; hyperoxia; surfactant; natriuretic peptide system
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Dr. Thomas M. Raffay
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Interests: the developing lung; nitrosylated compounds; bronchial airway hyperreactivity; oxygenation patterns
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neonatal respiratory distress is a broad, but very common problem. We hope to highlight novel concepts regarding the pathophysiology of neonatal respiratory distress, including those involving classic respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)/surfactant deficiency, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), pulmonary insufficiency of prematurity (factors related to the need for respiratory support due to small size, immaturity, control of breathing, etc.), and evolving early bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) following RDS, as well as less common etiologies of neonatal respiratory distress such as acute lung injury/acute (adult) RDS (ARDS), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), tracheomalacia, and other anatomic problems. We are seeking both reviews, highlighting gaps in knowledge, as well as original research, including pilot studies and translational laboratory studies pertinent to the topic. We are especially interested in studies supporting or introducing novel therapies and their mechanisms of action, such as new modes of surfactant delivery, antenatal and perinatal steroids, anti-oxidants, and other early-stage pharmacotherapies, During the ever-changing time of the novel SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, we would also welcome works pertaining to practice modifications and challenges in the delivery room management of RDS, non-invasive positive pressure, and intubation.

The goal of this Special Issue in Children is to highlight the scientific understanding of the factors that contribute to neonatal respiratory distress, as well as advances in therapeutic approaches across a variety of settings. Senior investigators are welcome to invite mentees and colleagues to co-author submissions under their supervision.  It is our intention that this Special Issue will appeal to both newborn medical providers and neonatal researchers from a variety of backgrounds, including nurses, advanced providers, therapists, pharmacists, physicians, and scientists.

Prof. Dr. Rita Marie Ryan
Dr. Thomas M. Raffay
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neonatal lung disease
  • prematurity
  • oxygenation
  • positive pressure
  • intubation
  • newborn resuscitation
  • congenital anomalies
  • hypoxic respiratory failure
  • surfactant

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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Article
Introducing Less-Invasive Surfactant Administration into a Level IV NICU: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Children 2021, 8(7), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/children8070580 - 07 Jul 2021
Viewed by 463
Abstract
Less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA), a newer technique of delivering surfactant via a thin catheter, avoids mechanical ventilation. LISA has been widely adopted in Europe but less so in the US. Our goal was to increase the percentage of surfactant delivered via LISA from [...] Read more.
Less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA), a newer technique of delivering surfactant via a thin catheter, avoids mechanical ventilation. LISA has been widely adopted in Europe but less so in the US. Our goal was to increase the percentage of surfactant delivered via LISA from 0% to 51% by 12/2020. Project planning and literature review started 12/2019, and included a standardized equipment kit and simulation training sessions. We began Plan–Do–Study–Act (PDSA) cycles in 6/2020. Initial exclusions for LISA were gestational age (GA) <28 weeks (w) or ≥36 w, intubation in the delivery room, or PCO2 >70 if known; GA exclusion is now <25 w. From 6 to 12/2020, 97 patients received surfactant, 35 (36%) via LISA. When non-LISA-eligible patients were excluded, 35/42 (83%) received LISA successfully. There were only 2/37 patients for whom LISA was not able to be performed. Three LISA infants required mechanical ventilation in the first week of life. Sedation remained an initial challenge but improved when sucrose was used routinely. LISA was safely and successfully introduced in our NICU. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neonatal Respiratory Distress Update)
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Article
Early High-Dose Caffeine Improves Respiratory Outcomes in Preterm Infants
Children 2021, 8(6), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/children8060501 - 13 Jun 2021
Viewed by 643
Abstract
The objective of the study is to determine if early high-dose caffeine (HD) therapy is associated with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), or decreased need for mechanical ventilation. We conducted a single center, retrospective cohort study of 273 infants less [...] Read more.
The objective of the study is to determine if early high-dose caffeine (HD) therapy is associated with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), or decreased need for mechanical ventilation. We conducted a single center, retrospective cohort study of 273 infants less than 32 weeks gestational age (GA). Infants receiving early HD (10 mg/kg/day maintenance) caffeine citrate started within 24 h of life were compared with those receiving LD (6 mg/kg/day) with variable timing of initiation using linear and logistic regression models. The infants in the early HD group had 91.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): −166.6, −16.1; p = 0.018) less hours of mechanical ventilation up to 36 weeks PMA or discharge as compared with the LD group. Moreover, infants in the HD group had 0.37 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.97; p = 0.042) times lower odds of developing moderate/severe BPD compared with the LD group. Infants receiving early HD caffeine had improved respiratory outcomes with no increase in measured comorbidities. Large prospective studies are needed to determine the long-term outcomes of using high-dose caffeine prophylaxis for preterm infants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neonatal Respiratory Distress Update)
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Review
Aerosolized Surfactant for Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Children 2021, 8(6), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/children8060493 - 10 Jun 2021
Viewed by 531
Abstract
Currently, the administration of surfactant to preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) mainly relies on intratracheal instillation; however, there is increasing evidence of aerosolized surfactant being an effective non-invasive strategy. We present a historical narrative spanning sixty years of development of aerosolization [...] Read more.
Currently, the administration of surfactant to preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) mainly relies on intratracheal instillation; however, there is increasing evidence of aerosolized surfactant being an effective non-invasive strategy. We present a historical narrative spanning sixty years of development of aerosolization systems. We also offer an overview of the pertinent mechanisms needed to create and manage the ideal aerosolization system, with a focus on delivery, distribution, deposition, and dispersion in the context of the human lung. More studies are needed to optimize treatment with aerosolized surfactants, including determination of ideal dosages, nebulizer types, non-invasive interfaces, and breath synchronization. However, the field is rapidly evolving, and widespread clinical use may be achieved in the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neonatal Respiratory Distress Update)
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