Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 May 2026) | Viewed by 1014

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: endocrinology; children; growth hormone deficiency; puberty; thyroid diseases

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: child; pediatrics; autoinflammation; autoinflammatory disorders

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) in childhood represents a significant challenge for clinicians and researchers for both diagnosis and treatment. With this email, I am inviting the scientific community and you to deepen our knowledge on GHD by exploring its underlying mechanisms, peculiar clinical pictures, and biomarkers that may define specific subtypes for a special issue of Children, entitled “Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment”.

All contributions addressing improved diagnostic strategies, such as standardized stimulation tests, IGF-1–based markers, and neuroimaging approaches, are particularly welcome.

A special emphasis will be placed on studies investigating individualized and evidence-based approaches to recombinant human growth hormone therapy, including predictors of treatment response, optimal dosing of therapy, and long-term outcomes.

Furthermore, this issue seeks innovative perspectives on personalized medicine in pediatric endocrinology, aiming to optimize growth, body composition, and metabolic health in children with GHD, while enhancing their overall quality of life.

Dr. Clelia Cipolla
Prof. Dr. Donato Rigante
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • growth hormone deficiency
  • recombinant human growth hormone
  • diagnosis and biomarkers of growth hormone deficiency
  • predictors of treatment response to human growth hormone
  • personalized medicine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

17 pages, 1247 KB  
Review
Predictors of Response to Growth Hormone Therapy in Children with Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Narrative Review
by Ignazio Cammisa, Giulia De Fortuna, Eleonora Rulli, Donato Rigante and Clelia Cipolla
Children 2026, 13(4), 545; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13040545 - 14 Apr 2026
Viewed by 652
Abstract
Background: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood impairs linear growth and may affect body composition, metabolism, and quality of life; recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy improves outcomes, but response is highly variable, especially in idiopathic GHD (IGHD). Objective: To summarize [...] Read more.
Background: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood impairs linear growth and may affect body composition, metabolism, and quality of life; recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy improves outcomes, but response is highly variable, especially in idiopathic GHD (IGHD). Objective: To summarize current evidence on predictors of growth response to rhGH therapy in children with IGHD, focusing on clinical, biochemical, and treatment-related determinants. Methods: This is a narrative review dealing with studies assessing clinical, auxological, biochemical and treatment-associated factors that may influence response to rhGH in IGHD. Results: Early treatment initiation, baseline short stature, prepubertal status, and higher early height growth velocity are strong clinical predictors; biochemical markers, including GH peak, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3, provide complementary information. Modifiable factors such as GH dose, adherence to therapy, and therapy duration also influence outcomes. Integrated predictive models improve accuracy but require further validation. Conclusions: Growth response to rhGH in IGHD is multifactorial and could be individualized: early identification of suboptimal responders and personalized treatment strategies that integrate clinical, biochemical, and treatment-related data may optimize the final outcome. Future research studies should focus on validated predictive models incorporating genetic and molecular markers. Full article
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