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Children
Special Issues
Childhood Hematologic and Oncologic Diseases: Emerging Insights and Next-Generation Solutions
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Childhood Hematologic and Oncologic Diseases: Emerging Insights and Next-Generation Solutions

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Hematology & Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 January 2026 | Viewed by 1794

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ahad Ahmed Kodipad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatric Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatopancratobilary Surgery, Nationwide Children’ s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
Interests: childhood hematological diseases; cancers; diabetes; drug discovery
Dr. Ganesh Yadaigiri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, India
Interests: drug discovery; immunotherapy; childhood cancers; vaccines and infectious diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Childhood hematologic and oncologic diseases represent a significant and evolving challenge in pediatric healthcare. In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in understanding the molecular and genetic underpinnings of conditions such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, sickle cell disease, and pediatric lymphomas. Emerging therapies—including CAR-T cell therapy, gene-editing techniques such as CRISPR, and personalized immunotherapeutics—are transforming the treatment landscape and improving survival outcomes.

This Special Issue will spotlight these advances by bringing together high-impact research articles focused on early diagnostics, molecular and cellular mechanisms, novel drug targets, and innovative treatment modalities. We also welcome studies on survivorship, psychosocial impacts, disparities in care, and global health perspectives—especially in low- and middle-income countries.

We invite the submission of original research, clinical trials, translational studies, and comprehensive reviews contributing to our understanding and management of childhood hematologic and oncologic disorders. Through this Special Issue, we aim to inspire next-generation solutions that will address unmet clinical needs and foster equitable, evidence-based pediatric care worldwide.

Dr. Ahad Ahmed Kodipad
Dr. Ganesh Yadaigiri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric hematology
  • childhood cancer
  • immunotherapy
  • hematologic malignancies
  • gene therapy
  • CAR-T cells
  • precision medicine
  • translational research
  • survivorship
  • global pediatric oncology

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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20 pages, 1548 KB  
Article
Platelet Recovery and Coexisting Conditions in Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia: Insights from a Tertiary Care Study
by Cristina Elena Singer, Mocanu Andreea Gabriela, Sîrbuleț Carmen, Anca Enescu, Simina Gaman, Renata Maria Varut, Dop Dalia, Maria Elena Veronica, Ștefănița Bianca Vintilescu, Nina Ionovici, Pluta Ion Dorin, Arsenie Cristian-Cosmin and Cristina Popescu
Children 2025, 12(11), 1482; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12111482 - 3 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare but significant hematologic disorder in children. While most pediatric ITP cases resolve spontaneously, some require intervention, and treatment responses with platelet recovery patterns can vary widely. We conducted a retrospective, three-year observational cohort study including 100 [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare but significant hematologic disorder in children. While most pediatric ITP cases resolve spontaneously, some require intervention, and treatment responses with platelet recovery patterns can vary widely. We conducted a retrospective, three-year observational cohort study including 100 children (aged 5 months–17 years) diagnosed with ITP at a single tertiary center (January 2022–December 2024). The primary objective of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation, coexisting conditions, and short-term platelet response to first-line therapy in hospitalized children with newly diagnosed ITP. Methods: Clinical data (demographics, presentation, and laboratory results) were collected at admission and throughout hospitalization, and outcomes were assessed at discharge. Results: Our analysis showed a balanced urban–rural distribution overall; however, sex distribution differed by residence, with a slight female predominance in rural areas and an overwhelming male predominance in urban areas. Over 40% of patients were under 5 years old. Platelet counts at presentation ranged from 3 × 109/L to 30 × 109/L, yet nearly all children showed substantial platelet count recovery by hospital discharge under first-line therapy. Most patients had additional minor clinical findings at admission, but these were considered concurrent rather than causative factors, in accordance with current hematology guidelines. These conditions were considered coexisting clinical conditions or concurrent findings rather than definitive secondary causes of ITP, in accordance with established hematological guidelines. These findings reflect only short-term, in-hospital outcomes and may not be generalizable to all children with ITP, particularly milder or outpatient cases. Conclusions: Our three-year cohort study underscores that pediatric ITP often presents in very young children with concurrent conditions, but standard first-line treatment leads to robust platelet recovery by discharge. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive initial evaluation and supportive care in managing pediatric ITP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Childhood Hematologic and Oncologic Diseases: Emerging Insights and Next-Generation Solutions)
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11 pages, 1333 KB  
Article
Unique Bone Marrow Findings of FDG-PET/CT in Acute Leukemia in Children: Comparison to Inflammatory Diseases
by Yuta Suenaga, Kazuo Kubota, Motohiro Matsui, Atsushi Makimoto, Junko Yamanaka, Shinji Mochizuki, Masatoshi Hotta, Miyako Morooka Chikanishi and Hiroyuki Shichino
Children 2025, 12(9), 1218; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12091218 - 11 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is a valuable imaging modality for detecting malignancies and diagnosing fever of unknown origin (FUO). However, data regarding FDG accumulation in bone marrow among pediatric acute leukemia (AL) cases are limited. In this study, we [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is a valuable imaging modality for detecting malignancies and diagnosing fever of unknown origin (FUO). However, data regarding FDG accumulation in bone marrow among pediatric acute leukemia (AL) cases are limited. In this study, we aimed to compare FDG-PET/CT findings between children with AL and those with inflammatory diseases (IDs), including FUO, and develop a scoring system for differential diagnoses. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed FDG-PET/CT findings in six children with AL and 22 with IDs. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max), visual score (VS), and spread score (SS) were evaluated across various bone marrow sites, including vertebrae, pelvic bone, humerus, forearm, and femur. Statistical analysis consisted of Mann–Whitney U test for group comparisons and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC)/area under the curve (AUC) analyses to assess diagnostic performance. Results: SUV max, VS, and SS were significantly higher in children with AL across all evaluated sites. The combined VS + SS scoring system yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy. A simplified version using only the VS of the middle humerus and femur plus the SS showed comparable effectiveness. Conclusions: FDG-PET/CT in children with AL showed high FDG accumulation in bone marrow areas in the whole body. The simple scoring system, which comprises FDG accumulation in the middle portion of the extremities and the whole body, appears to be helpful in distinguishing AL from IDs in children. FDG-PET/CT-based visual scoring may provide supportive information alongside conventional diagnostics in pediatric acute leukemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Childhood Hematologic and Oncologic Diseases: Emerging Insights and Next-Generation Solutions)
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8 pages, 675 KB  
Case Report
A Case of Pediatric Subcutaneous Panniculitis-like T-Cell Lymphoma Successfully Treated with Immunosuppressive Therapy
by Min Chong Kim, Dong Hoon Shin and Jae Min Lee
Children 2025, 12(8), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12081029 - 5 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Introduction: Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a very rare subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It is characterized by the neoplastic infiltration of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Its clinical presentation, including subcutaneous nodules, fever, and systemic symptoms, often mimics inflammatory panniculitis, making diagnosis difficult. [...] Read more.
Introduction: Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a very rare subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It is characterized by the neoplastic infiltration of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Its clinical presentation, including subcutaneous nodules, fever, and systemic symptoms, often mimics inflammatory panniculitis, making diagnosis difficult. Case Presentation: This case report describes a 14-year-old female presenting with fever, limb pain, swelling, and subcutaneous nodules, who was ultimately diagnosed with SPTCL via punch biopsy and BIOMED-2 clonality assays, confirming positive T-cell receptor-γ chain gene rearrangement. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography revealed diffuse subcutaneous involvement across multiple body regions. Methylprednisolone and cyclosporine A treatment rapidly resolved her symptoms, with laboratory parameters, including ferritin and inflammatory markers, showing significant improvement. Next-generation sequencing identified a heterozygous C9 gene mutation (c.346C>T, p.Arg116Ter), adding a novel genetic dimension to the case. Following a tapered discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy, the patient achieved sustained remission without relapse for over 1 year. Conclusions: We report a case of adolescent SPTCL treated with immunosuppressive therapy and suggest that immunosuppressive therapy should be considered before chemotherapy in pediatric patients with SPTCL but without HLH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Childhood Hematologic and Oncologic Diseases: Emerging Insights and Next-Generation Solutions)
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