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Children
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Molecular Research and Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Hydrocephalus
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Molecular Research and Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Hydrocephalus

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Child Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2023) | Viewed by 3133

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gelei Xiao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
Interests: hydrocephalus
Dr. Xiaoqiang Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Interests: pediatric neurosurgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydrocephalus is the result of normal physiological disturbance of brain crest fluid, which leads to an increase in intracranial pressure and enlargement of the cerebral ventricle. This in turn leads to pressure on the brain parenchyma and neurological dysfunction. Patients with hydrocephalus, on the other hand, are more likely to have a rapidly deteriorating neurological disorder requiring urgent attention.

The causes of acute hydrocephalus are varied, and include infections, subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracerebral or cerebellar haemorrhage or intraventricular dilation, sudden occlusion of the outflow tract of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) due to a tumour or foreign body, occlusion of intracranial vascular disease, trauma, or intracranial surgery. However, this issue is still worth further exploration. Nonsurgical measures to improve the flow of CSF in hydrocephalus have little effect on the recovery of intracranial pressure. Most patients require surgical treatment in the end, with external ventricular drainage (EVD) being the most commonly used method for acute hydrocephalus, as it provides time for further diagnostic studies or therapeutic interventions for underlying causes.

However, there is still debate about possible serious complications from EVD surgery, such as the increased risk of aneurysm rebleeding and intracranial infection. Therefore, more evidence on this subject is needed.

For this Special Issue, we invite authors to publish original clinical and fundamental research articles, case reports, and comprehensive reviews on this topic. Accepted papers will be published immediately and presented together on the Special Issue homepage. 

Dr. Gelei Xiao
Dr. Xiaoqiang Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • children
  • hydrocephalus
  • molecular research
  • surgical treatment
  • target

Published Papers (2 papers)

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11 pages, 2687 KiB  
Article
A Novel Nomogram Based on Quantitative MRI and Clinical Features for the Prediction of Neonatal Intracranial Hypertension
by Yan Qin, Yang Liu, Chuanding Cao, Lirong Ouyang, Ying Ding, Dongcui Wang, Mengqiu Zheng, Zhengchang Liao, Shaojie Yue and Weihua Liao
Children 2023, 10(10), 1582; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101582 - 22 Sep 2023
Viewed by 753
Abstract
Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a serious threat to the health of neonates. However, early and accurate diagnosis of neonatal intracranial hypertension remains a major challenge in clinical practice. In this study, a predictive model based on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and [...] Read more.
Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a serious threat to the health of neonates. However, early and accurate diagnosis of neonatal intracranial hypertension remains a major challenge in clinical practice. In this study, a predictive model based on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and clinical parameters was developed to identify neonates with a high risk of ICH. Newborns who were suspected of having intracranial lesions were included in our study. We utilized quantitative MRI to obtain the volumetric data of gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. After the MRI examination, a lumbar puncture was performed. The nomogram was constructed by incorporating the volumetric data and clinical features by multivariable logistic regression. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by discrimination, calibration curve, and decision curve. Clinical parameters and volumetric quantitative MRI data, including postmenstrual age (p = 0.06), weight (p = 0.02), mode of delivery (p = 0.01), and gray matter volume (p = 0.003), were included in and significantly associated with neonatal intracranial hypertension risk. The nomogram showed satisfactory discrimination, with an area under the curve of 0.761. Our results demonstrated that decision curve analysis had promising clinical utility of the nomogram. The nomogram, incorporating clinical and quantitative MRI features, provided an individualized prediction of neonatal intracranial hypertension risk and facilitated decision making guidance for the early diagnosis and treatment for neonatal ICH. External validation from studies using a larger sample size before implementation in the clinical decision-making process is needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research and Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Hydrocephalus)
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6 pages, 434 KiB  
Brief Report
Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentrations in Hydrocephalus
by Florian Wilhelmy, Matthias Krause, Stefan Schob, Andreas Merkenschlager, Robin Wachowiak, Wolfgang Härtig, Jürgen Meixensberger, Janina Gburek-Augustat and Tim Wende
Children 2023, 10(4), 644; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040644 - 30 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1608
Abstract
CSF protein levels are altered in neurological disorders, such as hydrocephalus of different etiologies. In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in hydrocephalic diseases such as aqueductal stenosis (AQS, n = 27), normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH, n = 24), [...] Read more.
CSF protein levels are altered in neurological disorders, such as hydrocephalus of different etiologies. In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in hydrocephalic diseases such as aqueductal stenosis (AQS, n = 27), normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH, n = 24), hydrocephalus communicans (commHC, n = 25) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)/pseudotumor cerebri (PC, n = 7) in comparison with neurological patients without hydrocephalic configuration (control, n = 95). CSF was obtained through CSF diversion procedures and lumbar punction and analyzed for protein concentrations according to the institution’s laboratory standards. We found significantly decreased CSF protein levels in patients suffering from AQS (0.13 mg/dL [0.1–0.16 mg/dL] p = 2.28 × 10−8) and from PC (0.18 mg/dL [0.12–0.24 mg/dL] p = 0.01) compared with controls (0.34 mg/dL [0.33–0.35 mg/dL]). Protein levels were not altered in patients suffering from commHC and NPH compared with neurologically healthy individuals. We propose that a decrease in CSF protein levels is part of an active counterregulatory mechanism to lower CSF volume and, subsequently, intracranial pressure in specific diseases. Research regarding said mechanism and more specific proteomic research on a cellular level must still be performed to prove this hypothesis. Differences in protein levels between different diseases point to different etiologies and mechanisms in different hydrocephalic pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research and Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Hydrocephalus)
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