Pediatric Nutrition: From General Guidelines to Precision-Based Strategies

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2026 | Viewed by 1873

Special Issue Editor

Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
Interests: pediatrics; clinical trials; microbiome studies; applied statistics; nutrition; meta-analysis; multi-omics studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrition is critically important for children because it provides the essential fuel for their rapid physical growth, supports cognitive development, and lays the foundation for lifelong healthy habits. Proper nutrition helps build a robust immune system and improved academic performance. Moreover, it is a powerful tool to maintain a healthy weight and prevent chronic conditions like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease later in life. A generic diet plan is not effective because individual child needs vary based on genetics, lifestyle, health condition, and other factors. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the latest research on applying precision nutrition concepts to children's health and establish best practices to enhance care for children’s nutritional needs.

This Special Issue welcomes original research, review, and mini-review articles, which cover, but is not limited to, the following themes:

  • Disease prevention and management;
  • Challenges or barriers to healthy eating for kids;
  • Growth charts serve as a critical tool in monitoring child growth and/or nutrition status;
  • Bridges the gap between diet and physical development;
  • Management of obesity in children and adolescents;
  • Advanced profiling methods (genomic, metabolomic, microbiome, integrated multi-omics approaches, etc.) in pediatric populations;
  • The collection and analysis of complex individual data, e.g., microbiome sequencing, metabolomic profiling, to support the development of tailored nutritional guidance.

Dr. Amy Y. Pan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • diet
  • healthy weight
  • pediatrics
  • child development
  • microbiome
  • omics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 828 KB  
Article
Impact of Gastric pH on Milk Protein Hydrolysis: A Pilot In Vitro Study Using Pediatric Human Gastric Juice in the Context of Infant Digestive Physiology
by Maria Del Nogal Avila, Marta Soria López, Isabel Sánchez-Vera, Rosa Plaza-Clavero, Daniel Cabello-Rivera, Karen Knipping and Alejandro López-Escobar
Children 2026, 13(5), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13050595 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is prevalent in infants and frequently managed with acid-suppressive medications that elevate gastric pH. This pilot study aimed to evaluate how varying gastric pH levels (2.5, 4.0 and 6.0) influence the hydrolysis of milk proteins in human milk [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is prevalent in infants and frequently managed with acid-suppressive medications that elevate gastric pH. This pilot study aimed to evaluate how varying gastric pH levels (2.5, 4.0 and 6.0) influence the hydrolysis of milk proteins in human milk (HM), cow’s milk-based infant formula (CMF), and goat milk-based infant formula (GMF). Methods: Samples were subjected to a 30 min in vitro gastric digestion using pediatric human gastric juice obtained from clinical donors. Protein degradation was analyzed via SDS-PAGE densitometry, comparing digested aliquots to undigested controls. Results: At pH 2.5, caseins were highly digested in all samples, especially in HM and GMF. At pH 4.0, GMF displayed an apparent 51% greater casein degradation relative to CMF and HM in this pilot analysis. α-lactalbumin degradation was markedly higher in GMF at all pH levels; notably, at pH 4.0 and 6.0, only GMF exhibited digestion of this protein. Albumin showed almost complete degradation in HM and GMF at pH 2.5, and GMF maintained greater degradation at higher pH levels. β-lactoglobulin (absent in HM) was better digested in GMF at pH 2.5, whereas CMF showed higher hydrolysis observed at pH 4.0 and 6.0. Lactoferrin digestion was most efficient in HM and GMF at pH 2.5, with no differences observed at higher pH levels. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that GMF may offer digestive advantages for infants with GERD under pharmacological acid suppression, particularly regarding casein and α-lactalbumin breakdown at higher pH. The distinct digestion kinetics of CMF and GMF at different pH levels provide a physiological basis for targeted infant feeding strategies. Further large-scale studies are required to validate these exploratory observations. Full article
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Review

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12 pages, 436 KB  
Review
The Science of Growth Monitoring: Beyond the Basics
by Melodee Liegl and Amy Y. Pan
Children 2026, 13(2), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13020162 - 23 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Growth charts are widely used as a clinical and research tool to assess physical growth performance of infants, children, and adolescents. They have been widely accepted as indicators of health and wellness. CDC and WHO growth charts are well known and used for [...] Read more.
Growth charts are widely used as a clinical and research tool to assess physical growth performance of infants, children, and adolescents. They have been widely accepted as indicators of health and wellness. CDC and WHO growth charts are well known and used for tracking childhood growth. The differences between WHO and CDC growth curves are largely attributable to distinct reference population and curve construction methodologies. The aim of this review is to focus on the construction, utilization, as well as clinical significance of the CDC and WHO growth charts. Full article
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