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Advances in Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children and Adolescents
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Advances in Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children and Adolescents

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Pediatric Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2024) | Viewed by 9325

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Maria Oana Săsăran

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics III, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
Interests: pediatric gastritis; H. pylori infection; pediatric obesity; genetic traits of obesity; miRNA involvement

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Abdominal pain and dyspepsia are common symptoms at pediatric ages that can hide functional gastrointestinal disorders or can represent alarming signs of serious digestive disorders or systemic diseases. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of childhood and adolescence gastrointestinal conditions still represents a challenge, which guides appropriate therapeutic approaches. The development of age-adapted diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for conditions such as acute gastroenteritis, H. pylori-infection, celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease was an important milestone for the daily practice of pediatricians worldwide, but several questions remain unanswered regarding the management of particular atypical clinical settings. This Special Issue aims to bring novel insights into pediatric gastrointestinal pathology and attract both pediatric gastroenterologists and interdisciplinary pediatric researchers. Moreover, authors are invited to report differential diagnosis problems as well as to focus on systemic, chronic disorders that can also engage the gastrointestinal tract.

Dr. Maria Oana Săsăran
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gastrointestinal disorders
  • pediatric
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • interdisciplinarity
  • systemic disorders

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 225 KiB  
Article
Simethicone Medication Should Be Avoided in Infants Receiving Oral Lactase Treatment
by Ekin Say Yildirim, Adem Aydin, Tolga Ince, Zeynep Varol, Belgin Ünal and And Demir
Children 2024, 11(8), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11081009 - 17 Aug 2024
Viewed by 547
Abstract
Objective: In this retrospective study, we assessed the efficacy of oral lactase in infants with lactose intolerance in terms of sex, birth weight, and interference by other medications. Methods: The study was conducted on patients aged 0–6 months who had been diagnosed with [...] Read more.
Objective: In this retrospective study, we assessed the efficacy of oral lactase in infants with lactose intolerance in terms of sex, birth weight, and interference by other medications. Methods: The study was conducted on patients aged 0–6 months who had been diagnosed with lactose intolerance on admission to the Department of Social Pediatrics at Dokuz Eylul University. Demographic data, the onset of symptoms, and medications used were recorded. Results: We found that 86.7% of the infants responded to lactase, with no significant differences based on sex, birth weight, or age at symptom presentation. We observed, however, that the efficacy of treatment did improve over time, thereby deriving benefits from intestinal development and adaptation. Interestingly, the response to lactase was reduced in infants receiving concomitant simethicone for colic symptoms, suggesting a potential drug interaction, while probiotics had no impact on treatment outcomes. Conclusions: We advise against using additional medications with oral lactase, pointing out a possible interaction with simethicone that might decrease the effectiveness of treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children and Adolescents)
11 pages, 1142 KiB  
Article
Association of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
by Soo-Bin Lee, Hyun-Wook Chae, Ji-Won Kwon, Sahyun Sung, Seong-Hwan Moon, Kyung-Soo Suk, Hak-Sun Kim, Si-Young Park and Byung Ho Lee
Children 2024, 11(1), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11010118 - 18 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1465
Abstract
Numerous adolescents diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) often manifest symptoms indicative of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). However, the precise connection between FGIDs and AIS remains unclear. The study involved adolescents drawn from sample datasets provided by the Korean Health Insurance Review and [...] Read more.
Numerous adolescents diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) often manifest symptoms indicative of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). However, the precise connection between FGIDs and AIS remains unclear. The study involved adolescents drawn from sample datasets provided by the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service spanning from 2012 to 2016, with a median dataset size of 1,446,632 patients. The AIS group consisted of individuals aged 10 to 19 with diagnostic codes for AIS, while the control group consisted of those without AIS diagnostic codes. The median prevalence of FGIDs in adolescents with AIS from 2012 to 2016 was 24%. When accounting for confounding factors, the analysis revealed that adolescents with AIS were consistently more prone to experiencing FGIDs each year (2012: adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–1.35], p < 0.001; 2013: aOR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.18–1.46], p < 0.001; 2014: aOR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.12–1.38], p < 0.001; 2015: aOR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.21–1.49], p < 0.001; and 2016: aOR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.21–1.50], p < 0.001). These findings suggest that AIS is correlated with an elevated likelihood of FGIDs, indicating that AIS may function as a potential risk factor for these gastrointestinal issues. Consequently, it is recommended to provide counseling to adolescents with AIS, alerting them to the heightened probability of experiencing chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children and Adolescents)
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14 pages, 255 KiB  
Article
The Role of Systemic Family Psychotherapy in Glycemic Control for Children with Type 1 Diabetes
by Andreea Salcudean and Maria Melania Lica
Children 2024, 11(1), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11010104 - 15 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1111
Abstract
(1) Background: Family factors play an important role in the management of diabetes, establishing a relationship between conflicts and non-adherence to therapy. High values of HbA1c are involved in specific complications of the disease (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, ketoacidosis). This study aimed to determine [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Family factors play an important role in the management of diabetes, establishing a relationship between conflicts and non-adherence to therapy. High values of HbA1c are involved in specific complications of the disease (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, ketoacidosis). This study aimed to determine the role of systemic family psychotherapeutic interventions in increasing the quality of parent–child/adolescent relationships and in optimizing the child’s glycemic control. (2) Methods: In this prospective observational study, 64 parents of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were evaluated regarding their relationship with their children, using the Child–Parent Relationship Scale-Short Form (CPRS-short form). The children were divided into three groups: one participated for 6 months in systemic family psychotherapy with children and their parents (FT), the second group participated in individual psychotherapy (IT), and the control group (CG) received no intervention. HbA1c values were recorded before and after the interventions. (3) Results: HbA1c means decreased significantly after the family psychotherapy program. The scores on closeness in the family therapy group increased significantly, and the scores on conflict decreased significantly after the intervention, compared with IT and CG. (4) Conclusions: Systemic family psychotherapy produces better results in disease management and in strengthening parent–child relationships. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children and Adolescents)
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11 pages, 281 KiB  
Article
Pattern of Primary Resistance of Helicobacter pylori to Clarithromycin among Pediatric Patients from North-Eastern Romania
by Oana-Maria Rosu, Nicoleta Gimiga, Roxana Popescu, Ileana Ioniuc, Carmen Daniela Rusu, Tatiana Clipa, Diana-Maria Florea, Doina-Anca Pleșca, Alexandru Nemtoi, Elena Tataranu, Gabriela Stefanescu and Smaranda Diaconescu
Children 2023, 10(11), 1752; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111752 - 28 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1423
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance has increased worldwide and affects the effectiveness of current therapies. The recommended first-line empiric treatment should be tailored to the local clarithromycin resistance rate. This study aimed to determine the pediatric patient profile and rate of clarithromycin resistance [...] Read more.
Background: Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance has increased worldwide and affects the effectiveness of current therapies. The recommended first-line empiric treatment should be tailored to the local clarithromycin resistance rate. This study aimed to determine the pediatric patient profile and rate of clarithromycin resistance for patients diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori by gastric biopsy. Methods: We studied 84 positive gastric samples for Helicobacter pylori. Positive results were confirmed by a rapid urease test and histopathological examination, with the type of gastritis established according to the Sydney System. Gastric biopsy samples were stored in RNA saver. Clarithromycin resistance was determined by a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based molecular assay after RNA-DNA extraction. Results: Of the 84 biopsy samples analyzed, 35 (41.6%) were resistant to clarithromycin. Clarithromycin resistance was found mainly in girls (80%) with a mean age of 15 years (range 6–17 years). The history of prior exposure to clarithromycin was 91.6%. The concordance between the histopathological examination and the PCR test was 100%. Conclusions: One in 2.4 children infected with Helicobacter pylori had a strain resistant to clarithromycin. This resistant strain may be a reason for treatment failure in Romanian children, yet this is uninvestigated. The high rate of bacterial resistance to this antibiotic among children indicates the need for susceptibility testing before therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children and Adolescents)
8 pages, 236 KiB  
Article
Costs of Healthcare for Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) in Poland
by Grażyna Markiewicz-Łoskot, Wojciech Chlebowczyk and Tomasz Holecki
Children 2023, 10(7), 1112; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071112 - 26 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 975
Abstract
The last two decades have seen an increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in many regions of the world, which has had a significant impact on both the social and economic burden of governments and healthcare systems. The aim of [...] Read more.
The last two decades have seen an increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in many regions of the world, which has had a significant impact on both the social and economic burden of governments and healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to determine the level of hospitalization and outpatient treatment costs for children and adolescents with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, depending on age, location, and activity of the disease. Methods were a retrospective analysis of the medical documentation of 240 children with IBD, hospitalized in the Gastroenterology Ward, Department of Pediatrics Medical University of Silesia (Katowice, Poland), along the three years follow up. The costs of treatment consisted of calculations of the supply of oral and intravenous drugs, calculations of the costs of laboratory tests, imaging, and consultations, as well as person-day costs. The most important results, determined with high costs of IBD treatment, are associated with younger age, high disease activity, localization in the small intestine in Crohn’s disease (CD), and inflammatory changes in the entire colon in Ulcerative Colitis (UC). During the observation, it was noticed that the shortening of the hospitalization time did not significantly affect the total costs, which remained at a stable level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children and Adolescents)
11 pages, 1060 KiB  
Article
Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Acute Gastroenteritis in Children: A Regional, Danish, Register-Based Study
by Eva Plantener, Kumanan Rune Nanthan, Ulrik Deding, Mads Damkjær, Ea Sofie Marmolin, Lotte Høeg Hansen, Jens J. H. Petersen, Roberto Pinilla, John E. Coia, Donna Lykke Wolff, Zhijun Song and Ming Chen
Children 2023, 10(5), 816; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10050816 - 29 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1861
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) restrictions such as social distancing on the occurrence of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among children. This study is a register-based study, including every child seen in the departments [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) restrictions such as social distancing on the occurrence of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among children. This study is a register-based study, including every child seen in the departments of paediatrics with the initial diagnosis of AGE in three neighbouring hospitals in Denmark, from March 2018 through February 2021. The study also included every positive stool sample for AGE-causing pathogens analysed in these three hospitals from children during the same period. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to determine differences between the period during the SARS-CoV-2 restrictions and before. In all, 222,157 children were seen in the three paediatric departments during this period. Of these, 3917 children were diagnosed with AGE. We found a decrease of 46.6% in AGE-related visits per month after the SARS-CoV-2 restrictions were introduced compared to before (p-value < 0.001). Positive stool samples decreased by 38.2% (p-value = 0.008) during the restrictions. This study found that cases of paediatric AGE decreased significantly the during COVID-19 restrictions, suggesting that studies should be conducted to determine whether this reduction was a result of good hand hygiene and social distancing or just a result of altered health-seeking behaviour among children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children and Adolescents)
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Review

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13 pages, 679 KiB  
Review
Association between Chronic Misophonia-Induced Stress and Gastrointestinal Pathology in Children—A Hypothesis
by Cristina Raluca Bodo, Andreea Salcudean, Aurel Nirestean, Emese Lukacs, Maria Melania Lica, Daniela Lucia Muntean, Ramona Camelia Anculia, Ramona Amina Popovici, Oana Neda Stepan, Virgil Radu Enătescu and Elena Gabriela Strete
Children 2024, 11(6), 699; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11060699 - 7 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1082
Abstract
Misophonia is a neurophysiological disorder with behavioral implications, is complex and multifactorial in origin, and is characterized by an atypical and disproportionate emotional response to specific sounds or associated visual stimuli. Triggers include human-generated sounds, mainly sounds related to feeding and breathing processes, [...] Read more.
Misophonia is a neurophysiological disorder with behavioral implications, is complex and multifactorial in origin, and is characterized by an atypical and disproportionate emotional response to specific sounds or associated visual stimuli. Triggers include human-generated sounds, mainly sounds related to feeding and breathing processes, and repetitive mechanical sounds. In response to the triggering stimulus, the patient experiences immediate, high-intensity, disproportionate physical and emotional reactions that affect their quality of life and social functioning. The symptoms of misophonia can occur at any age, but onset in childhood or adolescence is most common. Affected children live in a constant state of anxiety, suffer continuous physical and emotional discomfort, and are thus exposed to significant chronic stress. Chronic stress, especially during childhood, has consequences on the main biological systems through the dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, including the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we provide arguments for a positive correlation between misophonic pathology and gastrointestinal symptoms, and this hypothesis may be the starting point for further longitudinal studies that could investigate the correlations between these childhood vulnerabilities caused by misophonia and their effect on the gastrointestinal system. Further research to study this hypothesis is essential to ensure correct and timely diagnosis and optimal psychological and pharmacological support. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children and Adolescents)
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