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Cells
Special Issues
The Molecular and Cellular Underpinning of Neurostimulation
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The Molecular and Cellular Underpinning of Neurostimulation

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 8060

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hanoch Kaphzan

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Guest Editor
Sagol Department of Neurobiology, The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
Interests: angelman syndrome; neurodevelopmental disorders; cellular neurophysiology; bioinformatics; transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Marom Bikson

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Guest Editor
City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY, USA
Interests: medical devices; medical device safety; electrical safety; neuronal networks; neurological diseases
Prof. Dr. Michael Nitsche

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
Interests: cognitive neuroscience; neuropsychopharmacology; non-invasive brain stimulation; neuroimaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurostimulation techniques, especially the non-invasive ones, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), are gaining increasing popularity. These therapeutic tools have been used either for cognitive enhancement or the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric conditions. However, despite some encouraging results, the overall efficacy of this treatment strategy is not yet clear, and even promising studies call for further optimization. One possible reason for this ambiguity is that despite the copious clinical studies, much less is known on the cellular level, and it remains unclear what the cellular and molecular targets for these neurostimulation methods are. A deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular levels will enable the optimization of neurostimulation as well as its augmentation by pharmacotherapy or by other means. This Special Issue of Cells is therefore dedicated to reviews and original articles that present the state-of-the-art in the molecular and cellular studies of neurostimulation.

Dr. Hanoch Kaphzan
Prof. Marom Bikson
Prof. Dr. Michael Nitsche
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
  • Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)
  • Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS)
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
  • Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS)
  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
  • Neurophysiology
  • Cellular mechanisms
  • Signaling pathways
  • Transcriptome
  • Proteome

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

16 pages, 731 KiB  
Review
The DREADDful Hurdles and Opportunities of the Chronic Chemogenetic Toolbox
by Marie Claes, Lies De Groef and Lieve Moons
Cells 2022, 11(7), 1110; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11071110 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4602
Abstract
The chronic character of chemogenetics has been put forward as one of the assets of the technique, particularly in comparison to optogenetics. Yet, the vast majority of chemogenetic studies have focused on acute applications, while repeated, long-term neuromodulation has only been booming in [...] Read more.
The chronic character of chemogenetics has been put forward as one of the assets of the technique, particularly in comparison to optogenetics. Yet, the vast majority of chemogenetic studies have focused on acute applications, while repeated, long-term neuromodulation has only been booming in the past few years. Unfortunately, together with the rising number of studies, various hurdles have also been uncovered, especially in relation to its chronic application. It becomes increasingly clear that chronic neuromodulation warrants caution and that the effects of acute neuromodulation cannot be extrapolated towards chronic experiments. Deciphering the underlying cellular and molecular causes of these discrepancies could truly unlock the chronic chemogenetic toolbox and possibly even pave the way for chemogenetics towards clinical application. Indeed, we are only scratching the surface of what is possible with chemogenetic research. For example, most investigations are concentrated on behavioral read-outs, whereas dissecting the underlying molecular signature after (chronic) neuromodulation could reveal novel insights in terms of basic neuroscience and deregulated neural circuits. In this review, we highlight the hurdles associated with the use of chemogenetic experiments, as well as the unexplored research questions for which chemogenetics offers the ideal research platform, with a particular focus on its long-term application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular and Cellular Underpinning of Neurostimulation)
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16 pages, 609 KiB  
Review
Direct Current Stimulation in Cell Culture Systems and Brain Slices—New Approaches for Mechanistic Evaluation of Neuronal Plasticity and Neuromodulation: State of the Art
by Nadine Euskirchen, Michael A. Nitsche and Christoph van Thriel
Cells 2021, 10(12), 3583; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10123583 - 19 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2773
Abstract
Non-invasive direct current stimulation (DCS) of the human brain induces neuronal plasticity and alters plasticity-related cognition and behavior. Numerous basic animal research studies focusing on molecular and cellular targets of DCS have been published. In vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models enhanced [...] Read more.
Non-invasive direct current stimulation (DCS) of the human brain induces neuronal plasticity and alters plasticity-related cognition and behavior. Numerous basic animal research studies focusing on molecular and cellular targets of DCS have been published. In vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models enhanced knowledge about mechanistic foundations of DCS effects. Our review identified 451 papers using a PRISMA-based search strategy. Only a minority of these papers used cell culture or brain slice experiments with DCS paradigms comparable to those applied in humans. Most of the studies were performed in brain slices (9 papers), whereas cell culture experiments (2 papers) were only rarely conducted. These ex vivo and in vitro approaches underline the importance of cell and electric field orientation, cell morphology, cell location within populations, stimulation duration (acute, prolonged, chronic), and molecular changes, such as Ca2+-dependent intracellular signaling pathways, for the effects of DC stimulation. The reviewed studies help to clarify and confirm basic mechanisms of this intervention. However, the potential of in vitro studies has not been fully exploited and a more systematic combination of rodent models, ex vivo, and cellular approaches might provide a better insight into the neurophysiological changes caused by tDCS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular and Cellular Underpinning of Neurostimulation)
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