Mechanism of Cell Signaling During Eye Development and Diseases—Second Edition

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Signaling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 408

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
Interests: diabetic cornea; limbal stem cells; microRNA; extracellular vesicles/exosomes; wound healing; gene therapy; stem cell therapy; corneal epithelial regeneration; intercellular communication
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
The Ocular Surface Institute (TOSI), College of Optometry, University of Houston, Health and Biomedical Sciences Building, Houston, TX, USA
Interests: extracellular matrix; corneal development and wound healing; limbal stem cells; stem cell therapy; corneal regeneration; dry eye disease; meibomian gland dysfunction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This is the expanded second edition of the Special Issue “Mechanism of Cell Signaling During Eye Development and Diseases”. Previous articles published in the 1st edition can be read by clicking the following link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cells/special_issues/UCD4H97HG7.

Cell signaling pathways are important in mediating essential processes in embryonic eye development and adult tissues. Their coordination and integration are critical for mediating processes ranging from cell proliferation and differentiation to cell fate determination and polarity. Cellular communication is compelled by these pathways and is driven by hormones, transcription factors, or other signaling molecules.

Several major signaling pathways in eye development, such as Hedgehog, Wnt, retinoic acid, FGF, TGF-β, and Notch, operate during development in a precise temporal and spatial patterning in the embryo and in adult tissues, generating diverse cellular responses in a cell-type-specific manner. Altered expressions of these pathways can lead to a large number of eye diseases, such as photoreceptor degeneration as a result of a dysregulated Wnt signaling pathway, Glaucoma as a result of altered TGF-β signaling, and pathological angiogenesis-related eye disorders due to defects in Notch signaling.

Therefore, delineating the mechanisms of cell signaling during eye development and disease can unveil their potential as targets for novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ocular diseases.

Dr. Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh Ghiam
Dr. Vivien Coulson-Thomas
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cell signaling
  • ocular
  • eye disorders
  • Wnt signaling
  • TGF-β

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

26 pages, 6136 KiB  
Review
Exosomes as Future Therapeutic Tools and Targets for Corneal Diseases
by Joshua Gamez, Daxian Zha, Shaghaiegh M. Ebrahimi, Seok White, Alexander V. Ljubimov and Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh
Cells 2025, 14(13), 959; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14130959 - 23 Jun 2025
Viewed by 206
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of exosomes (Exos), a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various cell types, has been broadly emphasized. Exos are endosome-derived membrane-bound vesicles 50–150 nm in size. Exos can be general or cell type-specific. Their contents enable them to function [...] Read more.
The therapeutic potential of exosomes (Exos), a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various cell types, has been broadly emphasized. Exos are endosome-derived membrane-bound vesicles 50–150 nm in size. Exos can be general or cell type-specific. Their contents enable them to function as multi-signaling and vectorized vehicles. Exos are important for maintaining cellular homeostasis. They are released into extracellular spaces, leading to uptake by neighboring or distant cells and delivering their contents to modulate cell signaling. Exos influence tissue responses to injury, infection, and disease by fusion with the target cells and transferring their cargo, including cytokines, growth and angiogenic factors, signaling molecules, lipids, DNA, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs. They are implicated in various physiological and pathological conditions, including ocular surface events, such as corneal scarring, wound healing, and inflammation. Their biocompatibility, stability, low immunogenicity, and easy detectability in bodily fluids (blood, tears, saliva, and urine) make them promising tools for diagnosing and treating ocular diseases. The potential to engineer specific Exo cargos makes them outstanding therapeutic delivery vehicles. The objective of this review is to provide novel insights into the functions of Exo cargos and their applications as biomarkers and therapeutics, or targets in the cornea. Full article
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